Nizolli Valeria Oliveira, Viana Vívian Ebeling, Pegoraro Camila, Maia Luciano Carlos da, Oliveira Antonio Costa de
Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Genet Mol Biol. 2023 Apr 3;46(1 Suppl 1):e20220002. doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2022-0002. eCollection 2023.
Effective strategies for disease control are crucial for sustaining world food production and ensuring food security for the population. Wheat blast, a disease caused by the pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum, has been a concern for cereal producers and researchers due to its aggressiveness and rapid expansion. To solve this problem, the development of resistant varieties with durable resistance is an effective, economical and sustainable way to control the disease. Conventional breeding can be aided by several molecular tools to facilitate the mining of many sources of resistance, such as R genes and QTLs. The identification of new sources of resistance, whether in the wheat crop or in other cereals are an opportunity for efficient wheat breeding through the application of different techniques. Since this disease is still poorly studied in wheat, knowledge of the rice Magnaporthe pathotype may be adapted to control wheat blast. Thus, genetic mapping, molecular markers, transgenic approaches, and genomic editing are valuable technologies to fight wheat blast. This review aimed to compile the biotechnological alternatives available to accelerate the development of improved cultivars for resistance to wheat blast.
有效的疾病控制策略对于维持世界粮食生产和确保民众的粮食安全至关重要。小麦叶瘟病是由稻瘟病菌小麦致病型病原体引起的一种病害,因其侵袭性和快速传播,一直受到谷物生产者和研究人员的关注。为了解决这个问题,培育具有持久抗性的抗病品种是控制该病害的一种有效、经济且可持续的方法。传统育种可以借助多种分子工具来促进对多种抗性来源(如R基因和数量性状基因座)的挖掘。鉴定新的抗性来源,无论是在小麦作物还是其他谷物中,都是通过应用不同技术进行高效小麦育种的契机。由于这种病害在小麦中仍未得到充分研究,稻瘟病菌致病型的相关知识可能适用于控制小麦叶瘟病。因此,基因图谱绘制、分子标记、转基因方法和基因组编辑都是对抗小麦叶瘟病的宝贵技术。本综述旨在汇总现有的生物技术替代方法,以加速培育抗小麦叶瘟病改良品种的进程。