Asian Heart and Vascular Centre, 3 Mount Elizabeth #10-14, Singapore, Singapore.
Division of Cardiology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2023 May;55(4):660-666. doi: 10.1007/s11239-023-02802-0. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
Clinical outcomes for intermediate or high-risk pulmonary emboli (PE) remain sub-optimal, with limited improvements in survival for the past 15 years. Anticoagulation alone results in slow thrombus resolution, persistent right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, patients remaining at risk of haemodynamic decompensation and increased likelihood of incomplete recovery. Thrombolysis elevates risk of major bleeding and is thus reserved for high-risk PE. Thus, a huge clinical need exists for an effective technique to restore pulmonary perfusion with minimal risk and avoidance of lytic therapy. In 2021, large bore suction thrombectomy (ST) was introduced in Asia for the first time and this study assessed the feasibility and short-term outcomes of Asian patients undergoing ST for acute PE. 40 consecutive patients (58% male, mean age of 58.3 ± 16.6 years) with intermediate (87.5%) or high-risk PE (12.5%) were enrolled in this prospective registry. 20% had prior VTE, 42.5% had contraindications to thrombolysis, and 10% failed to respond to thrombolysis. PE was idiopathic in 40%, associated with active cancer in 15% and post-operative status in 12.5%. Procedural time was 124 ± 30 min. Emboli were aspirated in all patients without the need for thrombolytics, resulting in a 21.4% reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressures and 123% increase TASPE-PASP ratio, a prognostic measure of RV-arterial coupling. (both p < 0.001) Procedural complications were 5% and 87.5% patients survived to discharge without symptomatic VTE recurrence during 184 days of mean follow-up. ST affords an effective reperfusion option for PE without thrombolytics, normalises RV overload and provides excellent short-term clinical outcomes.
对于中高危肺栓塞(PE)患者,临床结局仍不理想,在过去 15 年中,生存率仅略有改善。单独抗凝治疗可导致血栓溶解缓慢、持续性右心室(RV)功能障碍,患者仍有血流动力学失代偿和不完全恢复的风险增加。溶栓治疗会增加大出血的风险,因此仅保留用于高危 PE。因此,迫切需要一种有效的技术来恢复肺灌注,同时将风险降至最低并避免溶栓治疗。2021 年,亚洲首次引入大口径抽吸血栓切除术(ST),本研究评估了亚洲急性 PE 患者接受 ST 的可行性和短期结果。该前瞻性注册研究共纳入 40 例连续患者(58%为男性,平均年龄为 58.3±16.6 岁),其中中危(87.5%)或高危(12.5%)PE。20%有 VTE 病史,42.5%有溶栓禁忌证,10%对溶栓治疗无反应。40%的 PE 为特发性,15%与活动性癌症相关,12.5%与术后状态相关。手术时间为 124±30 分钟。所有患者均无需溶栓即可抽吸血栓,平均肺动脉压降低 21.4%,TASPE-PASP 比值增加 123%,这是 RV-动脉耦联的预后指标(均 p<0.001)。手术并发症为 5%,87.5%的患者在平均 184 天的随访期间存活至出院,无症状性 VTE 复发。ST 是一种无需溶栓即可提供有效再灌注治疗 PE 的方法,可使 RV 负荷正常化,并提供良好的短期临床结局。