Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Mol Biotechnol. 2023 Dec;65(12):1935-1953. doi: 10.1007/s12033-023-00737-8. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
Material engineering is a fundamental issue in the applications of materials in the medical field. One of the aspects of material engineering is incorporating recognition sites on the surface of biomaterials, which plays an essential role in increasing the efficiency of tissue engineering scaffolds in various aspects. The application of peptides and antibodies to establish the recognition and adhesion sites has limitations, such as fragility and instability under physical and chemical processes. Therefore, synthetic ligands such as nucleic acid aptamers have received much attention for easy synthesis, minimal immunogenicity, high specificity, and stability under processing. Due to the effective role of these ligands in increasing the efficiency of engineered constructs in this study, the advantages of nucleic acid aptamers in tissue engineering will be reviewed. Aptamer-functionalized biomaterials can attract endogenous stem cells to wounded areas and organize their actions to facilitate tissue regeneration. This approach harnesses the body's inherent regeneration potential to treat many diseases. Also, increased efficacy in controlled release, slow and targeted drug delivery are important issues in drug delivery for tissue engineering approaches which can be achieved by incorporating aptamers in drug delivery systems. Aptamer-functionalized scaffolds have very applications, such as diagnosis of cancer, hematological infections, narcotics, heavy metals, toxins, controlled release from the scaffolds, and in vivo cell tracing. Aptasensors, as a result of many advantages over other traditional assay methods, can replace older methods. Furthermore, their unique targeting mechanism also targets compounds with no particular receptors. Targeting cell homing, local and targeted drug delivery, cell adhesion efficacy, cytocompatibility and bioactivity of scaffolds, aptamer-based biosensor, and aptamer-functionalized scaffolds are the topics that will be examined in this review study.
材料工程是医学领域应用材料的一个基本问题。材料工程的一个方面是在生物材料表面引入识别位点，这在提高组织工程支架的效率方面起着至关重要的作用。应用肽和抗体来建立识别和粘附位点具有一些局限性，例如在物理和化学过程中易碎和不稳定。因此，合成配体如核酸适体因其易于合成、免疫原性低、特异性高且在加工过程中稳定而受到广泛关注。由于这些配体在提高工程构建体的效率方面在本研究中具有积极作用，因此将综述核酸适体在组织工程中的优势。适体功能化生物材料可以吸引内源性干细胞到受伤区域，并组织它们的行动以促进组织再生。这种方法利用了身体固有的再生潜力来治疗许多疾病。此外，在组织工程方法的药物输送中，控制释放、缓慢和靶向药物输送的效率提高是重要问题，通过将适体纳入药物输送系统可以实现这些问题。适体功能化支架有很多应用，例如癌症、血液感染、麻醉品、重金属、毒素的诊断，从支架的控制释放，以及体内细胞追踪。与其他传统检测方法相比，适体传感器具有许多优势，可以替代旧方法。此外，它们独特的靶向机制还针对没有特定受体的化合物。本研究将考察靶向细胞归巢、局部和靶向药物输送、细胞黏附效率、支架的细胞相容性和生物活性、基于适体的生物传感器和适体功能化支架等主题。
