Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Nilufer, Bursa, Türkiye.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Nilufer, Bursa, Türkiye.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jul 1;880:163224. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163224. Epub 2023 Apr 4.
In this study, ambient air, surface water and sediment samples were simultaneously collected and analyzed for PCBs to investigate their levels, spatial variations and exchanges between these three compartments at different sampling sites for 12 months in Bursa, Türkiye. During the sampling period, a total of 41 PCB concentrations were determined in the ambient air, surface water (dissolved and particle phase) and sediment. Thus, 945.9 ± 491.6 pg/m (average ± STD), 53.8 ± 54.7 ng/L, 92.8 ± 59.3 ng/L and 71.4 ± 38.7 ng/g, respectively. The highest concentrations of PCBs in the ambient air and in water particulate phase were measured at the industrial/agricultural sampling site (1308.6 ± 252.1 pg/m and 168.7 ± 21.2 ng/L, respectively), ∼ 4-10 times higher than background sites; while the highest concentrations in the sediment and dissolved phase were measured at the urban/agricultural sampling sites (163.8 ± 27.0 ng/L and 145.7 ± 15.3 ng/g, respectively), ∼ 5-20 times higher than background sites. PCB transitions between ambient air-surface water (f/f) and surface water-sediment (f/f) were investigated by fugacity ratio calculations. According to the fugacity ratios obtained, volatilization from the surface water to the ambient air was observed at all sampling sites (98.7 % of f/f ratios are <1.0). Additionally, it has been determined that there is a transport from the surface water to the sediment (100.0 % of f/f ratios are higher than 1.0). The flux values in ambient air-surface water and surface water-sediment environments ranged from -1.2 to 1770.6 pg/m-day and from -225.9 to 0.001 pg/m-day, respectively. The highest flux values were measured for PCBs with low chlorine content (Mono-, Di-Cl PCBs), while the lowest flux values were measured for the high chlorine content PCBs (Octa-, Nona- and Deca-Cl PCBs). As it was determined in this study that surface waters contaminated by PCBs have the potential to pollute both air and sediments, it will be important to take measures to protect surface waters.
在这项研究中，同时采集了环境空气、地表水和沉积物样本，并对多氯联苯（PCBs）进行了分析，以调查 12 个月内在土耳其布尔萨不同采样点这三种环境介质之间的水平、空间变化和交换情况。在采样期间，共测定了环境空气中（溶解相和颗粒相）、地表水中和沉积物中的 41 种 PCB 浓度。因此，环境空气中的 PCBs 浓度为 945.9±491.6 pg/m（平均值±标准差），水中的 PCBs 浓度为 53.8±54.7 ng/L，沉积物中的 PCBs 浓度为 92.8±59.3 ng/g，水中的 PCBs 浓度为 71.4±38.7 ng/g。在工业/农业采样点，环境空气和水颗粒相中 PCBs 的浓度最高（分别为 1308.6±252.1 pg/m 和 168.7±21.2 ng/L），约为背景点的 4-10 倍；而在城市/农业采样点，沉积物和溶解相中 PCBs 的浓度最高（分别为 163.8±27.0 ng/L 和 145.7±15.3 ng/g），约为背景点的 5-20 倍。通过逸度比计算研究了环境空气-地表水（f/f）和地表水-沉积物（f/f）之间的 PCBs 迁移。根据获得的逸度比，观察到所有采样点均存在从地表水向环境空气的挥发（f/f 比值的 98.7%均小于 1.0）。此外，还确定了从地表水到沉积物的传输（f/f 比值的 100.0%均高于 1.0）。环境空气-地表水和地表水-沉积物环境中的通量值范围分别为-1.2 至 1770.6 pg/m-day 和-225.9 至 0.001 pg/m-day。对于低氯含量（单氯、二氯 PCBs）的 PCBs，测量到的通量值最高，而对于高氯含量 PCBs（八氯、九氯和十氯 PCBs），测量到的通量值最低。由于本研究表明，受 PCBs 污染的地表水有可能同时污染空气和沉积物，因此采取措施保护地表水将非常重要。
