睡眠——一种大脑状态，为系统记忆巩固服务。

Sleep-A brain-state serving systems memory consolidation.

机构信息

Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.

Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

出版信息

Neuron. 2023 Apr 5;111(7):1050-1075. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.005.

DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.005

PMID:37023710

Abstract

Although long-term memory consolidation is supported by sleep, it is unclear how it differs from that during wakefulness. Our review, focusing on recent advances in the field, identifies the repeated replay of neuronal firing patterns as a basic mechanism triggering consolidation during sleep and wakefulness. During sleep, memory replay occurs during slow-wave sleep (SWS) in hippocampal assemblies together with ripples, thalamic spindles, neocortical slow oscillations, and noradrenergic activity. Here, hippocampal replay likely favors the transformation of hippocampus-dependent episodic memory into schema-like neocortical memory. REM sleep following SWS might balance local synaptic rescaling accompanying memory transformation with a sleep-dependent homeostatic process of global synaptic renormalization. Sleep-dependent memory transformation is intensified during early development despite the immaturity of the hippocampus. Overall, beyond its greater efficacy, sleep consolidation differs from wake consolidation mainly in that it is supported, rather than impaired, by spontaneous hippocampal replay activity possibly gating memory formation in neocortex.

摘要

尽管睡眠有助于长期记忆的巩固，但睡眠巩固与清醒时的巩固有何不同仍不清楚。我们的综述侧重于该领域的最新进展，确定了神经元放电模式的重复回放是触发睡眠和清醒时巩固的基本机制。在睡眠期间，记忆重放发生在海马体集合体的慢波睡眠 (SWS) 期间，伴随着涟漪、丘脑纺锤波、新皮层慢振荡和去甲肾上腺素能活动。在这里，海马体重放可能有利于将海马体依赖的情景记忆转化为模式样的新皮层记忆。SWS 后的 REM 睡眠可能会平衡伴随记忆转换的局部突触缩放与睡眠依赖的全局突触重新规范化的平衡过程。尽管海马体不成熟，但在早期发育过程中，睡眠依赖性的记忆转换会增强。总的来说，除了更有效之外，睡眠巩固与清醒巩固的主要区别在于，它是由自发的海马体重放活动支持的，而不是由其损害的，可能会在新皮层中开启记忆形成。