Serra Loïse, Bourdon Guillaume, Estienne Anthony, Fréville Mathias, Ramé Christelle, Chevaleyre Claire, Didier Philippe, Chahnamian Marine, Ganier Patrice, Pinault Florine, Froment Pascal, Dupont Joëlle
CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
Toxicol Rep. 2023 Mar 21;10:409-427. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.03.005. eCollection 2023.
Since several decades, we observe the decline of various bird populations that could be partly linked to the agricultural intensification and the use of large amount of pesticides. Even if triazoles compounds are the most widely used fungicides, their effects on the reproductive parameters in birds are not clearly known. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 8 triazoles compounds alone (propiconazole (PP, from 0 to 10 µM), prothioconazole (PT), epoxiconazole (Epox), tetraconazole (TT), tebuconazole (TB), difenoconazole (Dif), cyproconazole (Cypro), metconazole (MC) (from 0 to 1 mM)) on the male chicken reproductive functions by using testis explants, primary Sertoli cells and sperm samples. In testis, all triazoles at the higher concentrations for 48 h inhibited lactate and testosterone secretion mostly in association with reduced expression of and/or mRNA levels. These data were also associated with increased expression of the nuclear receptors () and () mRNA levels in testis and for all triazoles except for PP a reduction in Sertoli cell viability. When focusing on the sperm parameters, we demonstrated that most of the triazoles (MC, Epox, Dif, TB, TT and Cypro) at 0.1 or 1 mM for either 2, 12 or 24 min of exposure decreased sperm motility and velocity and increased the percentage of spermatozoa abnormal morphology. At the opposite, PP increased sperm motility in a dose dependent manner after 2 min of exposure whereas no significant effect was observed in response to PT whatever the dose and the time of exposure. Moreover, these effects were associated with an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species in spermatozoa. Taken together, most of the triazoles compounds impair testis steroidogenesis and semen parameters potentially through an increase in and expression and in oxidative stress, respectively.
All the data will be available.
几十年来，我们观察到各种鸟类种群数量的下降，这可能部分与农业集约化和大量使用杀虫剂有关。即使三唑类化合物是使用最广泛的杀菌剂，它们对鸟类生殖参数的影响仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们通过使用睾丸外植体、原代支持细胞和精子样本，研究了8种三唑类化合物单独作用（丙环唑（PP，浓度从0到10 μM）、丙硫菌唑（PT）、环氧菌唑（Epox）、四氟醚唑（TT）、戊唑醇（TB）、苯醚甲环唑（Dif）、环丙唑醇（Cypro）、种菌唑（MC）（浓度从0到1 mM））对雄性鸡生殖功能的影响。在睾丸中，所有三唑类化合物在较高浓度下作用48小时，大多抑制乳酸和睾酮分泌，这主要与相关mRNA水平的表达降低有关。这些数据还与睾丸中核受体（）和（）mRNA水平的表达增加有关，除PP外，所有三唑类化合物均导致支持细胞活力降低。当关注精子参数时，我们发现大多数三唑类化合物（MC、Epox、Dif、TB、TT和Cypro）在0.1或1 mM浓度下分别暴露2、12或24分钟，会降低精子活力和速度，并增加精子异常形态的百分比。相反，PP在暴露2分钟后以剂量依赖的方式增加精子活力，而无论剂量和暴露时间如何，PT均未观察到显著影响。此外，这些影响与精子中活性氧的产生增加有关。综上所述，大多数三唑类化合物可能分别通过增加和表达以及氧化应激来损害睾丸类固醇生成和精液参数。
所有数据将可获取。
