Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Pediatrics-Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States.
J Nutr. 2023 Jun;153(6):1825-1833. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.04.001. Epub 2023 Apr 6.
Although current recommendations encourage plant-based dietary patterns, data is limited as to whether the equivalent substitution of animal-based protein-rich foods with plant-based versions impacts ingestive behavior.
To compare higher-protein preloads, varying in protein source, on appetite, satiety, and subsequent energy intake.
Thirty-two adults (age: 25 ± 1 y; body mass index (BMI) measured in kg/m: 24.2 ± 0.5 kg/m) randomly consumed 250 kcal, protein-preload beverages (24 g protein), varying in protein source [whey, soy, and pea protein isolates (WHEY, SOY, and PEA) or micellar casein (CAS)] each morning for 3 acclimation days/preload. On day 4, participants completed a 4-h clinical testing day in which the respective preload was consumed, followed by blood sampling and questionnaires every 30 min for appetite and satiety. In addition, an ad libitum lunch was provided 4-h postpreload. On day 5, participants consumed the respective preload at home, followed by an ad libitum breakfast 30 min afterward. For normally-distributed data, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Friedman nonparametric test were utilized to compare the main effects of protein source on study outcomes. Post hoc pairwise comparisons using least-significant differences (LSD) were then performed.
CAS (-3330 ± 690 mm∗240 min) and PEA (-2840 ± 930mm∗240 min) reduced 4-h appetite compared with SOY (-1440 ± 936 mm∗240 min; both, P < 0.05). WHEY was not different (-2290 ± 930 mm∗240 min). CAS (3520 ± 84 pg/mL∗240 min) and PEA (3860 ± 864 pg/mL∗240 min) increased 4-h peptide YY concentrations compared with SOY (2200 ± 869 pg/mL∗240 min; both, P < 0.05). WHEY was not different (3870 ± 932 pg/mL∗240 min). No differences in ad libitum energy intake were observed.
CAS and PEA, but not WHEY, elicited greater acute changes in appetite and satiety compared with SOY in healthy adults, supporting that not all protein sources are equivalent. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03154606).
尽管目前的建议鼓励采用植物性饮食模式，但关于用植物性高蛋白食物替代动物源性高蛋白食物是否会影响摄食行为的数据有限。
比较不同高蛋白预加载物对食欲、饱腹感和随后能量摄入的影响，这些预加载物的蛋白质来源不同。
32 名成年人（年龄：25±1 岁；体重指数（BMI），以 kg/m 表示：24.2±0.5kg/m）随机每天在上午摄入 250 千卡、蛋白质含量为 24 克的预加载饮料（乳清、大豆和豌豆蛋白分离物（WHEY、SOY 和 PEA）或胶束酪蛋白（CAS）），持续 3 天以适应。在第 4 天，参与者在 4 小时的临床测试日中摄入相应的预加载物，之后每 30 分钟进行一次血液采样和问卷调查，以评估食欲和饱腹感。此外，在预加载后 4 小时提供随意的午餐。在第 5 天，参与者在家中摄入相应的预加载物，之后在 30 分钟后摄入随意的早餐。对于正态分布数据，采用重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）或 Friedman 非参数检验来比较蛋白质来源对研究结果的主要影响。然后使用最小显著差异（LSD）进行事后两两比较。
与 SOY（-1440±936mm∗240min）相比，CAS（-3330±690mm∗240min）和 PEA（-2840±930mm∗240min）降低了 4 小时的食欲（均 P＜0.05）。WHEY 则无差异（-2290±930mm∗240min）。与 SOY（2200±869pg/mL∗240min）相比，CAS（3520±84pg/mL∗240min）和 PEA（3860±864pg/mL∗240min）增加了 4 小时的肽 YY 浓度（均 P＜0.05）。WHEY 则无差异（3870±932pg/mL∗240min）。随意摄入的能量无差异。
在健康成年人中，与 SOY 相比，CAS 和 PEA，但不是 WHEY，引起了更大的急性食欲和饱腹感变化，这表明并非所有蛋白质来源都是等效的。本试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册（NCT03154606）。
