Braden Morgan L, Gwin Jess A, Leidy Heather J
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Jul 14;8(8):104415. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104415. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Despite limited evidence from intervention trials, replacing animal-source protein-rich foods with plant alternatives continues to be recommended as part of a healthy dietary pattern.
The objective of this study was to examine whether a diet containing fresh, lean beef elicits greater satiety, reduces ad libitum food intake, and is more acceptable compared with a diet containing plant alternatives in women with overweight.
Seventeen women with overweight (mean ± SEM, age: 33 ± 1 y; BMI: 27.8 ± 0.1 kg/m) completed an acute, tightly controlled, crossover design study. Participants were provided with eucaloric, isonitrogenous diets (15% of daily intake as protein) containing either 2 servings/d of fresh lean beef (BEEF) or plant equivalents (PLANT) for 7 d/pattern. During day 6 of each pattern, the participants completed a 10-h controlled-feeding, clinical testing day, which included repeated appetite and satiety questionnaires and blood sampling to assess pre- and postprandial plasma peptide YY (PYY) and GLP-1 across the day. On day 7, the participants completed a free-living testing day in which they consumed their respective protein foods and were provided with additional carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods to consume, ad libitum, during each eating occasion. Energy and macronutrient composition were assessed. A 2- to 3-wk washout period occurred between patterns.
No differences in daily satiety were detected between patterns. During the ad libitum testing day, 24-h food intake was not different between patterns (BEEF: 2714 ± 219 compared with PLANT: 2859 ± 147 kcals/d), BEEF led to fewer carbohydrates consumed compared with PLANT (338 ± 34 compared with 370 ± 22 g/d, < 0.05), especially as sugar (169 ± 73 g compared with 186 ± 57 g, = 0.05). Furthermore, BEEF was more well liked (i.e., higher flavor, texture, and acceptability) compared with PLANT (all, < 0.05).
Although satiety was similar between patterns, the consumption of animal-source protein-rich foods, such as fresh and lean beef, was more well liked and resulted in voluntary reductions in total carbohydrate and sugar intake in middle-aged women with overweight during a single ad libitum testing day.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02614729.
尽管干预试验的证据有限，但用植物性替代品取代富含动物源蛋白质的食物仍是健康饮食模式的一部分。
本研究的目的是检验，对于超重女性，与食用含植物性替代品的饮食相比，含新鲜瘦牛肉的饮食是否能带来更强的饱腹感，减少随意进食量，且更易被接受。
17名超重女性（平均±标准误，年龄：33±1岁；BMI：27.8±0.1kg/m²）完成了一项急性、严格控制的交叉设计研究。为参与者提供等热量、等氮量的饮食（蛋白质占每日摄入量的15%），每种饮食模式持续7天，其中一种模式为每天食用2份新鲜瘦牛肉（牛肉组），另一种模式为食用等量的植物性食物（植物组）。在每种饮食模式的第6天，参与者完成一个10小时的控制进食临床测试日，包括多次食欲和饱腹感问卷调查以及血液采样，以评估全天餐前和餐后血浆肽YY（PYY）和胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）水平。在第7天，参与者完成一个自由生活测试日，期间他们食用各自的蛋白质食物，并在每次进食时随意提供额外的富含碳水化合物和脂肪的食物。评估能量和宏量营养素组成。两种饮食模式之间有2至3周的洗脱期。
两种饮食模式在每日饱腹感方面未检测到差异。在随意进食测试日，两种饮食模式的24小时食物摄入量没有差异（牛肉组：2714±219千卡/天，植物组：2859±147千卡/天），与植物组相比，牛肉组摄入的碳水化合物更少（分别为338±34克/天和370±22克/天，P<0.05），尤其是糖（分别为169±73克和186±57克，P=0.05）。此外，与植物组相比，牛肉组更受喜爱（即风味、质地和可接受性更高）（均P<0.05）。
尽管两种饮食模式的饱腹感相似，但在单次随意进食测试日，食用富含动物源蛋白质的食物，如新鲜瘦牛肉，更受喜爱，且能使超重中年女性自愿减少总碳水化合物和糖的摄入量。本研究已在clinicaltrials.gov注册，注册号为NCT02614729。
