College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
Photochem Photobiol. 2024 Jan-Feb;100(1):75-86. doi: 10.1111/php.13809. Epub 2023 May 29.
Light, magnetic field, and methylation affected the growth and secondary metabolism of fungi. The regulation effect of the three factors on the growth and Monascus pigments (MPs) synthesis of Monascus purpureus was investigated in this study. 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC), DNA methylation inhibitor, was used to treat M. purpureus (wild-type, WT). Twenty micromolar 5-AzaC significantly promoted the growth, development, and MPs yield. Moreover, 250 lux red light and red light coupled magnetic field (RLCMF) significantly promoted the biomass. For WT, red light, and RLCMF significantly promoted MPs yield. But compared with red light treatment, only 0.2 mT RLCMF promoted the alcohol-soluble MPs yield. For histone H3K4 methyltransferase complex subunit Ash2 gene knockout strain (ΔAsh2), only 0.2 mT RLCMF significantly promoted water-soluble MPs yield. Yet red light, 1.0 and 0.2 mT RLCMF significantly promoted alcohol-soluble MPs yield. This indicated that methylation affected the MPs biosynthesis. Red light and weaker MF had a synergistic effect on the growth and MPs synthesis of ΔAsh2. This result was further confirmed by the expression of related genes. Therefore, histone H3K4 methyltransferase was involved in the regulation of the growth, development, and MPs synthesis of M. purpureus by the RLCMF.
光照、磁场和甲基化影响真菌的生长和次生代谢。本研究探讨了这三个因素对红曲霉生长和红曲色素（MPs）合成的调控作用。5-氮杂胞苷（5-AzaC），一种 DNA 甲基化抑制剂，用于处理红曲霉（野生型，WT）。20 μM 的 5-AzaC 显著促进了生长、发育和 MPs 的产量。此外，250 lux 红光和红光耦合磁场（RLCMF）显著促进了生物量。对于 WT、红光和 RLCMF，均显著促进了 MPs 的产量。但与红光处理相比，只有 0.2 mT RLCMF 促进了醇溶性 MPs 的产量。对于组蛋白 H3K4 甲基转移酶复合物亚基 Ash2 基因敲除菌株（ΔAsh2），只有 0.2 mT RLCMF 显著促进了水溶性 MPs 的产量。然而，红光、1.0 和 0.2 mT RLCMF 均显著促进了醇溶性 MPs 的产量。这表明甲基化影响了 MPs 的生物合成。红光和较弱的磁场对ΔAsh2 的生长和 MPs 合成具有协同作用。这一结果通过相关基因的表达得到了进一步证实。因此，组蛋白 H3K4 甲基转移酶参与了 RLCMF 对红曲霉生长、发育和 MPs 合成的调控。
