-GlcNAcylation-induced GSK-3β activation deteriorates pressure overload-induced heart failure lack of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy in mice.

-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) modulates many functions of proteins -GlcNAcylation that adds -linked β--acetylglucosamine (-GlcNAc) to the serine/threonine residues of proteins. However, the role of -GlcNAcylation in cardiac remodeling and function is not fully understood. To examine the effect of -GlcNAcylation on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure, transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed in wild type (WT) and transgenic (-Tg) mice. Four weeks after TAC (TAC4W), the heart function of -Tg mice was significantly lower than that of WT mice (reduced fractional shortening and increased ANP levels). The myocardium of left ventricle (LV) in -Tg mice became much thinner than that in WT mice. Moreover, compared to the heart tissues of WT mice, -GlcNAcylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 was increased and phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 was reduced in the heart tissues of -Tg mice, resulting in its activation and subsequent inactivation of nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) activity. Finally, the thinned LV wall and reduced cardiac function induced by TAC4W in -Tg mice was reversed by the treatment of a GSK-3β inhibitor, TDZD-8. These results imply that augmented -GlcNAcylation exacerbates pressure overload-induced heart failure due to a lack of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy -GlcNAcylation of GSK-3β, which deprives the phosphorylation site of GSK-3β to constantly inactivate NFAT activity to prevent cardiac hypertrophy. Our findings may provide a new therapeutic strategy for cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure.