Dalili Setila, Koohmanaee Shahin, Mirmonsef Seyyedeh Golnaz, Nemati Seyyed Amir Reza, Motamed Behrang, Tabrizi Manijeh, Zoroufi Mohammad Aghaeizadeh, Rad Afagh Hassanzadeh
Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Department of Internal Medicine, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2023 Feb 18;14:19. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_190_21. eCollection 2023.
Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease which is increasing in incidence, but little is known about the events that trigger the autoimmune process. Most of the time, these processes begin in prenatal and natal periods; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prenatal and neonatal risk factors of T1DM in childhood.
This case-control study has been performed on children with T1DM who referred to the 17 Shahrivar children's hospital. The control group consisted of healthy siblings of the case group. Data were gathered using a form that included maternal and neonatal characteristics. Data were reported by descriptive statistics in SPSS 19. To investigate the effect of quantitative and qualitative variables on the development of T1DM, logistic regression and Chi-square tests were used, respectively.
Birth weight, birth height, and maternal weight gain during pregnancy had a significant relationship with T1DM (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23, 2.57, and 1.14, respectively). In addition, there was a significant relationship between gestational hypertension (OR = 5.27), neonatal jaundice (OR = 3.42), cesarean section (OR = 2.06), and being non-first-born child (OR = 2.32) and T1DM. Also, premature rupture of membrane, maternal urinary tract infection, and nonexclusive breastfeeding had a significant association with T1DM (OR = 4.37, 3.94, and 2.30, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between maternal age, sex, neonatal respiratory disease, prematurity, and neonatal infections and T1DM ( > 0.05).
Prenatal and neonatal risk factors can have a significant role in the occurrence of TIDM. Therefore, considering these risk factors can have a preventive effect on T1DM.
儿童1型糖尿病（T1DM）是一种发病率不断上升的自身免疫性疾病，但对于引发自身免疫过程的事件知之甚少。大多数情况下，这些过程始于产前和出生时；因此，本研究旨在调查儿童T1DM的产前和新生儿危险因素。
本病例对照研究对转诊至17 Shahrivar儿童医院的T1DM患儿进行。对照组由病例组的健康兄弟姐妹组成。使用包含母亲和新生儿特征的表格收集数据。数据在SPSS 19中采用描述性统计进行报告。为研究定量和定性变量对T1DM发生的影响，分别使用了逻辑回归和卡方检验。
出生体重、出生身高和孕期母亲体重增加与T1DM有显著关系（比值比[OR]分别为1.23、2.57和1.14）。此外，妊娠期高血压（OR = 5.27）、新生儿黄疸（OR = 3.42）、剖宫产（OR = 2.06）以及非头胎（OR = 2.32）与T1DM有显著关系。胎膜早破、母亲尿路感染和非纯母乳喂养也与T1DM有显著关联（OR分别为4.37、3.94和2.30）。母亲年龄、性别、新生儿呼吸系统疾病、早产和新生儿感染与T1DM之间无统计学显著差异（> 0.05）。
产前和新生儿危险因素可能在TIDM的发生中起重要作用。因此，考虑这些危险因素可对T1DM起到预防作用。
