King Erika M, Tallmon David A, Vulstek Scott C, Russell Joshua R, McPhee Megan V
College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.
Biology and Marine Biology Program, University of Alaska Southeast, 11066 Auke Lake Way, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.
R Soc Open Sci. 2023 Apr 5;10(4):221271. doi: 10.1098/rsos.221271. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Despite the wealth of research on Pacific salmon spp. life histories there is limited understanding of the lifetime reproductive success of males that spend less time at sea and mature at a smaller size (jacks) than full-size males. Over half of returning male spawners can be jacks in some populations, so it is crucial to understand their contribution to population productivity. We quantified adult-to-adult reproductive success (RS) of jacks and their relative reproductive success (RRS) compared to full-size males in a wild population of coho salmon in the Auke Creek watershed, Juneau, Alaska. We used genetic data from nearly all individuals (approx. 8000) returning to spawn over a decade (2009-2019) to conduct parentage analysis and calculate individual RS. The average adult-to-adult RS of jacks (mean = 0.7 and s.e. = 0.1) was less than that of full-size males (mean = 1.1 and s.e. = 0.1). Jack RRS was consistently below 1.0 but ranged widely (0.23 to 0.96). Despite their lower average success, jacks contributed substantially to the population by siring 23% of the total returning adult offspring (1033 of 4456) produced between 2009 and 2015. Our results imply that jacks can affect evolutionary and population dynamics, and are relevant to the conservation and management of Pacific salmon.
尽管对太平洋鲑属物种的生活史已有大量研究，但对于那些在海上停留时间较短且体型比正常雄鱼小（即“小雄鱼”）的雄鱼的终生繁殖成功率，人们了解有限。在一些种群中，超过半数洄游的雄鱼产卵者可能是小雄鱼，因此了解它们对种群生产力的贡献至关重要。我们在阿拉斯加朱诺市奥克溪流域的银大麻哈鱼野生种群中，量化了小雄鱼的成鱼到成鱼繁殖成功率（RS）以及它们相对于正常体型雄鱼的相对繁殖成功率（RRS）。我们利用了近十年（2009 - 2019年）几乎所有洄游产卵个体（约8000个）的基因数据来进行亲权分析并计算个体的RS。小雄鱼的平均成鱼到成鱼RS（均值 = 0.7，标准误 = 0.1）低于正常体型雄鱼（均值 = 1.1，标准误 = 0.1）。小雄鱼的RRS始终低于1.0，但范围很广（0.23至0.96）。尽管平均成功率较低，但在2009年至2015年间，小雄鱼仍为种群做出了重大贡献，它们所生育的成年后代占洄游成年后代总数的23%（4456条中的1033条）。我们的研究结果表明，小雄鱼会影响进化和种群动态，这与太平洋鲑的保护和管理相关。
