Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Immunol Rev. 2023 Aug;317(1):20-29. doi: 10.1111/imr.13204. Epub 2023 Apr 10.
In addition to direct activation by pathogens and antigens, immune cell functions are further modulated by factors in their environment. Recent studies have revealed that lysophospholipids (LPL) derived from membrane glycerophospholipids are such environmental factors. They are produced by the action of various phospholipases and modulate immune responses positively or negatively via G-protein-coupled receptor-type receptors. These include lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS), and lysophosphatidylinositol. Here, we summarize what is known about the synthetic pathways, receptors, and immunomodulatory functions of these LPLs. Particular focus is given to LysoPS, which have recently been identified, and recent findings on their immunomodulatory actions are presented.
除了被病原体和抗原直接激活外，免疫细胞的功能还受到其环境中各种因素的进一步调节。最近的研究表明，来源于膜甘油磷脂的溶血磷脂（LPL）就是这样一种环境因素。它们是由各种磷脂酶作用产生的，并通过 G 蛋白偶联受体型受体，正向或负向地调节免疫反应。这些包括溶血磷脂酸、溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸（LysoPS）和溶血磷脂酰肌醇。在这里，我们总结了这些 LPL 的合成途径、受体和免疫调节功能。特别关注的是最近才被发现的 LysoPS，以及它们的免疫调节作用的最新发现。
