Department of Community Health, Ministry of Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda.
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2023 Apr 10;108(5):954-962. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0007. Print 2023 May 3.
In 2017, the Global Task Force for Cholera Control (GTFCC) set a goal to eliminate cholera from ≥ 20 countries and to reduce cholera deaths by 90% by 2030. Many countries have included oral cholera vaccine (OCV) in their cholera control plans. We felt that a simple, user-friendly monitoring tool would be useful to guide national progress toward cholera elimination. We reviewed cholera surveillance data of Uganda from 2015 to 2021 by date and district. We defined a district as having eliminated cholera if cholera was not reported in that district for at least 4 years. We prepared maps to show districts with cholera, districts that had eliminated it, and districts that had eliminated it but then "relapsed." These maps were compared with districts where OCV was used and the hotspot map recommended by the GTFCC. Between 2018 and 2021, OCV was administered in 16 districts previously identified as hotspots. In 2018, cholera was reported during at least one of the four previous years from 36 of the 146 districts of Uganda. This number decreased to 18 districts by 2021. Cholera was deemed "eliminated" from four of these 18 districts but then "relapsed." The cholera elimination scorecard effectively demonstrated national progress toward cholera elimination and identified districts where additional resources are needed to achieve elimination by 2030. Identification of the districts that have eliminated cholera and those that have relapsed will assist the national programs to focus on addressing the factors that result in elimination or relapse of cholera.
2017 年,全球霍乱控制工作队(GTFCC)设定了一个目标,即在 2030 年前从 20 多个国家消除霍乱,并将霍乱死亡人数减少 90%。许多国家已将口服霍乱疫苗(OCV)纳入其霍乱控制计划。我们认为,一个简单易用的监测工具将有助于指导国家在消除霍乱方面取得进展。我们查阅了乌干达 2015 年至 2021 年按日期和地区划分的霍乱监测数据。我们将一个地区定义为消除了霍乱,如果该地区至少 4 年内没有报告霍乱。我们准备了地图,以显示有霍乱的地区、已消除霍乱的地区和已消除霍乱但又“复发”的地区。这些地图与使用 OCV 的地区和 GTFCC 推荐的热点图进行了比较。2018 年至 2021 年,OCV 在之前确定的 16 个热点地区使用。2018 年,乌干达 146 个地区中,有 36 个地区在前四年的至少一年报告了霍乱。到 2021 年,这一数字减少到 18 个地区。在这 18 个地区中,有 4 个地区被认为已经消除了霍乱,但后来又“复发”。霍乱消除记分卡有效地展示了国家在消除霍乱方面取得的进展,并确定了需要额外资源以在 2030 年前实现消除的地区。确定已经消除霍乱的地区和已经复发的地区将有助于国家方案集中解决导致霍乱消除或复发的因素。