Department of Community Health, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
BMJ Open. 2020 Dec 10;10(12):e038464. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038464.
To evaluate the quality and coverage of the campaign to distribute oral cholera vaccine (OCV) during a cholera outbreak in Hoima, Uganda to guide future campaigns of cholera vaccine.
Survey of communities targeted for vaccination to determine vaccine coverage rates and perceptions of the vaccination campaign, and a separate survey of vaccine staff who carried out the campaign.
Hoima district, Uganda.
Representative clusters of households residing in the communities targeted for vaccination and staff members who conducted the vaccine campaign.
Among 209 households (1274 individuals) included in the coverage survey, 1193 (94%; 95% CI 92% to 95%) reported receiving at least one OCV dose and 998 (78%; 95% CI 76% to 81%) reported receiving two doses. Among vaccinated individuals, minor complaints were reported by 71 persons (5.6%). Individuals with 'some' education (primary school or above) were more knowledgeable regarding the required OCV doses compared with non-educated (p=0.03). Factors negatively associated with campaign implementation included community sensitisation time, staff payment and problems with field transport. Although the campaign was carried out quickly, the outbreak was over before the campaign started. Most staff involved in the campaign (93%) were knowledgeable about cholera control; however, 29% did not clearly understand how to detect and manage adverse events following immunisation.
The campaign achieved high OCV coverage, but the surveys provided insights for improvement. To achieve high vaccine coverage, more effort is needed for community sensitisation, and additional resources for staff transportation and timely payment for campaign staff is required. Pretest and post-test assessment of staff training can identify and address knowledge and skill gaps.
评估乌干达霍伊马暴发霍乱期间分发口服霍乱疫苗（OCV）运动的质量和覆盖范围，为今后的霍乱疫苗运动提供指导。
对目标接种社区进行调查，以确定疫苗接种率和对疫苗接种运动的看法，并对开展疫苗接种运动的疫苗工作人员进行单独调查。
乌干达霍伊马区。
目标接种社区的代表性住户群和开展疫苗接种运动的工作人员。
在接受覆盖率调查的 209 户家庭（1274 人）中，有 1193 人（94%；95%CI 92%至 95%）报告至少接种了一剂 OCV，998 人（78%；95%CI 76%至 81%）报告接种了两剂。在接种疫苗的人群中，有 71 人（5.6%）报告出现轻微不适。与未受教育者相比（p=0.03），具有“一定”教育程度（小学及以上）的个体对所需的 OCV 剂量了解更多。与运动实施相关的负面因素包括社区宣传时间、工作人员薪酬和实地交通问题。尽管该运动迅速开展，但疫情在运动开始前就已结束。参与运动的大多数工作人员（93%）都了解霍乱控制；然而，29%的工作人员不清楚如何发现和管理疫苗接种后不良反应。
该运动实现了较高的 OCV 接种率，但调查结果为改进提供了思路。为了实现高疫苗接种率，需要加大社区宣传力度，为工作人员交通和及时支付运动工作人员薪酬提供额外资源。对工作人员培训进行预测试和后测试评估，可以确定并解决知识和技能差距。
