Sana Biotechnology Inc., 1 Tower Place, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI)-Lab, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nat Commun. 2023 Apr 10;14(1):2020. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37785-2.
Manufacturing autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapeutics is complex, and many patients experience treatment delays or cannot be treated at all. Although current allogeneic CAR products have the potential to overcome manufacturing bottlenecks, they are subject to immune rejection and failure to persist in the host, and thus do not provide the same level of efficacy as their autologous counterparts. Here, we aimed to develop universal allogeneic CAR T cells that evade the immune system and produce a durable response. We generated human hypoimmune (HIP) T cells with disrupted B2M, CIITA, and TRAC genes using CRISPR-Cas9 editing. In addition, CD47 and anti-CD19 CAR were expressed using lentiviral transduction. These allogeneic HIP CD19 CAR T cells were compared to allogeneic CD19 CAR T cells that only expressed the anti-CD19 CAR (allo CAR T). In vitro assays for cancer killing and exhaustion revealed no differences between allo CAR T and HIP CAR T cells, confirming that the HIP edits did not negatively affect T cell performance. Clearance of CD19 tumors by HIP CAR T cells in immunodeficient NSG mice was comparable to that of allo CAR T cells. In fully immunocompetent humanized mice, HIP CAR T cells significantly outperformed allo CAR T cells, showed improved persistence and expansion, and provided lasting cancer clearance. Furthermore, CD47-targeting safety strategies reliably and specifically eliminated HIP CAR T cells. These findings suggest that universal allogeneic HIP CAR T cell-based therapeutics might overcome the limitations associated with poor persistence of allogeneic CAR T cells and exert durable anti-tumor responses.
制造自体嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) T 细胞疗法非常复杂,许多患者会经历治疗延迟或根本无法接受治疗。尽管目前的同种异体 CAR 产品有可能克服制造瓶颈,但它们会受到免疫排斥和在宿主中无法持续存在的影响,因此无法提供与其自体对应物相同的疗效。在这里,我们旨在开发能够逃避免疫系统并产生持久反应的通用同种异体 CAR T 细胞。我们使用 CRISPR-Cas9 编辑生成了具有破坏的 B2M、CIITA 和 TRAC 基因的人类低免疫 (HIP) T 细胞。此外,使用慢病毒转导表达了 CD47 和抗 CD19 CAR。将这些同种异体 HIP CD19 CAR T 细胞与仅表达抗 CD19 CAR(allo CAR T)的同种异体 CD19 CAR T 细胞进行了比较。体外癌症杀伤和耗竭试验表明,allo CAR T 和 HIP CAR T 细胞之间没有差异,这证实 HIP 编辑不会对 T 细胞性能产生负面影响。HIP CAR T 细胞在免疫缺陷性 NSG 小鼠中清除 CD19 肿瘤的能力可与 allo CAR T 细胞相媲美。在完全免疫相容的人源化小鼠中,HIP CAR T 细胞的表现明显优于 allo CAR T 细胞,表现出更好的持久性和扩增性,并提供持久的癌症清除。此外,靶向 CD47 的安全策略可可靠且特异性地消除 HIP CAR T 细胞。这些发现表明,基于通用同种异体 HIP CAR T 细胞的疗法可能克服与同种异体 CAR T 细胞持续存在不良相关的限制,并发挥持久的抗肿瘤反应。
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