Klimek L, Werminghaus P, Bergmann C, Hagemann J, Huppertz T, Bärhold F, Klimek F, Dziadziulia K, Casper I, Polk M-L, Cuevas M, Gröger M, Becker S
Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie Wiesbaden, An den Quellen 10, 65183, Wiesbaden, Deutschland.
Praxis für Hals‑, Nasen‑, Ohrenheilkunde und Allergologie, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
HNO. 2023 May;71(5):337-346. doi: 10.1007/s00106-023-01292-z. Epub 2023 Apr 11.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a very common disease with a high prevalence worldwide. It is an IgE-mediated type 2 inflammatory disease following exposure to inhalant allergens. A multitude of different neuropeptides including substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neuromedin U (NMU) can be released via peripheral axon or central reflexes, interact with immune cells, and thus contribute to neurogenic inflammation which causes the nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) characteristic of AR. Independent production of neuroendocrine hormones and neuropeptides by immune cells has also been demonstrated. Neuro-immune cell units arise when immune and neuronal cells colocalize, for which typical anatomic regions are, e.g., the mast cell-nerve functional unit. The focus of this review is the elucidation of neuroimmune communication mechanisms in AR.
变应性鼻炎（AR）是一种非常常见的疾病，在全球范围内具有很高的患病率。它是一种在接触吸入性变应原后由IgE介导的2型炎症性疾病。包括P物质、血管活性肠肽（VIP）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、神经生长因子（NGF）和神经介素U（NMU）在内的多种不同神经肽可通过外周轴突或中枢反射释放，与免疫细胞相互作用，从而导致神经源性炎症，引发AR特有的鼻高反应性（NHR）。免疫细胞独立产生神经内分泌激素和神经肽也已得到证实。当免疫细胞和神经细胞共定位时，就会形成神经免疫细胞单位，典型的解剖区域如肥大细胞-神经功能单位。本综述的重点是阐明AR中的神经免疫通讯机制。
