Cai Shiru, Lou Hongfei
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Sep;35(9):859-864. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2021.09.021.
The role of neuroimmunomodulation in allergic diseases is a research hotspot in recent years. Allergic rhinitis（AR） is caused by overactive immune response to a foreign antigen in nasal mucosa. Immune cells release inflammatory mediators（including histamine, cytokines and neurotrophins）, which directly activate peripheral neurons to mediate nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, and other hyperresponsive symptoms. Upon activation, these peripheral neurons release neurotransmitters （including acetylcholine and norepinephrine） and neuropeptides（including calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide） that directly act on immune cells to drive allergic inflammation. Neuro-immune signaling may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of AR. Therefore, a better understanding of these cellular and molecular neuro-immune interactions may inspire the discovery of new targets and novel therapies.
神经免疫调节在过敏性疾病中的作用是近年来的一个研究热点。变应性鼻炎（AR）是由鼻黏膜对外源抗原的免疫反应过度活跃引起的。免疫细胞释放炎症介质（包括组胺、细胞因子和神经营养因子），这些介质直接激活外周神经元，介导鼻塞、瘙痒、打喷嚏等高反应性症状。激活后，这些外周神经元释放神经递质（包括乙酰胆碱和去甲肾上腺素）和神经肽（包括降钙素基因相关肽、P物质和血管活性肠肽），它们直接作用于免疫细胞以驱动过敏性炎症。神经免疫信号传导可能在AR的病理生理学中起重要作用。因此，更好地理解这些细胞和分子水平的神经免疫相互作用可能会促使发现新的靶点和新的治疗方法。
