Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023 Apr 12;14(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s13287-023-03280-0.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN); the etiology and pathological mechanism of the disease are still unclear. Recent studies have shown that the activation of a neuroimmune response plays a key role in the development of PD. Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), the primary pathological marker of PD, can gather in the SN and trigger a neuroinflammatory response by activating microglia which can further activate the dopaminergic neuron's neuroimmune response mediated by reactive T cells through antigen presentation. It has been shown that adaptive immunity and antigen presentation processes are involved in the process of PD and further research on the neuroimmune response mechanism may open new methods for its prevention and therapy. While current therapeutic regimens are still focused on controlling clinical symptoms, applications such as immunoregulatory strategies can delay the symptoms and the process of neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarized the progression of the neuroimmune response in PD based on recent studies and focused on the use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy and challenges as a strategy of disease-modifying therapy with multiple targets.
帕金森病（PD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征是黑质（SN）中的多巴胺能神经元退化；该疾病的病因和病理机制仍不清楚。最近的研究表明，神经免疫反应的激活在 PD 的发展中起着关键作用。α-突触核蛋白（α-Syn）是 PD 的主要病理标志物，它可以聚集在 SN 中，并通过激活小胶质细胞触发神经炎症反应，小胶质细胞可以通过抗原呈递进一步激活多巴胺能神经元的免疫反应。已经表明，适应性免疫和抗原呈递过程参与了 PD 的发生过程，对神经免疫反应机制的进一步研究可能为其预防和治疗开辟新的方法。虽然目前的治疗方案仍集中在控制临床症状上，但免疫调节策略等应用可以延缓症状和神经退行性过程。在这篇综述中，我们根据最近的研究总结了 PD 中神经免疫反应的进展，并重点介绍了间充质干细胞（MSC）治疗的应用和作为多靶点疾病修饰治疗策略的挑战。
