Duskaev Galimzhan, Kurilkina Marina, Zavyalov Oleg
Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
Vet World. 2023 Mar;16(3):518-525. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.518-525. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
Phytobiotics are a safe alternative to feed antibiotics in industrial poultry farming that increases productivity by stimulating various digestive enzymes to reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms in the intestines and improve antioxidant status and immune response. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vanillic acid in its pure form and in combination with gamma lactone on weight growth and the physiological parameters of broiler chickens.
The studies were performed on 120 Arbor Acres broiler chickens (7 days old) that were randomly divided into four groups with five replicates (cages) and six birds per replicate. The control group was fed the basal diet (BD) only. Group I was fed the BD + gamma lactone (average dose 0.07 mL/animal/day). Group II was fed the BD + vanillic acid (average dose 0.07 mL/animal/day). Group III was fed the BD + gamma lactone + vanillic acid in a 1:1 ratio (average dose 0.07 mL/body/day). Live weight of broiler chickens for all group was assessed at the end of each period (age of 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days). At the end of the experiment (on day 42), 10 broilers with an average live weight were selected for blood sampling from the axillary vein.
The results showed a growth-promoting effect of vanillic acid when fed with a diet free of synthetic antioxidants. Groups I and II had increased live weights throughout the entire experiment and a significant increase at the end of the experiment (8.2%-8.5%; p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. Toxic effects were not found in the biochemical blood serum analyses of Groups II and III. The metabolic processes in the experimental groups were intensified, especially in the enzyme associated with amino acid metabolism (gamma-glutamyl transferase) in Groups I and III (p ≤ 0.05). Vanillic acid, whether fed alone or in combination with gamma lactone, exhibited high antioxidant activities, protected cells from oxidative damage by inducing total antioxidant, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities (p ≤ 0.05), and reduced the level of malondialdehyde (p ≤ 0.05) measured. No significant changes in the morphological blood parameters were found.
The use of vanillic acid alone and in combination with gamma lactone increases the digestive enzyme activities in blood plasma, increases body weight, and has a positive effect on lipid metabolism and the antioxidant status of broiler chickens. These findings indicate the significant potential use of vanillic acid and gamma lactone in poultry due to their antioxidant properties.
在工业化家禽养殖中，植物源益生菌是饲料抗生素的安全替代品，它通过刺激各种消化酶来减少肠道中致病微生物的数量，提高抗氧化状态和免疫反应，从而提高生产力。本研究旨在评估纯香草酸及其与γ-内酯组合对肉鸡体重增长和生理参数的影响。
对120只7日龄的艾拔益加肉鸡进行研究，将其随机分为四组，每组五个重复（笼子），每个重复六只鸡。对照组仅饲喂基础日粮（BD）。第一组饲喂BD + γ-内酯（平均剂量0.07 mL/只/天）。第二组饲喂BD + 香草酸（平均剂量0.07 mL/只/天）。第三组以1:1的比例饲喂BD + γ-内酯 + 香草酸（平均剂量0.07 mL/只/天）。在每个时期结束时（7、14、21、28、35、42日龄）评估所有组肉鸡的活重。在实验结束时（第42天），从每组中选取10只平均体重的肉鸡从腋静脉采血。
结果表明，在不含合成抗氧化剂的日粮中添加香草酸具有促生长作用。在整个实验过程中，第一组和第二组的活重均有所增加，与对照组相比，在实验结束时显著增加（8.2%-8.5%；p≤0.05）。在第二组和第三组的生化血清分析中未发现毒性作用。实验组的代谢过程增强，特别是第一组和第三组中与氨基酸代谢相关的酶（γ-谷氨酰转移酶）（p≤0.05）。香草酸无论是单独饲喂还是与γ-内酯组合饲喂，均表现出高抗氧化活性，通过诱导总抗氧化、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性保护细胞免受氧化损伤（p≤0.05），并降低了丙二醛水平（p≤0.05）。在血液形态学参数方面未发现显著变化。
单独使用香草酸及其与γ-内酯组合可提高肉鸡血浆中的消化酶活性，增加体重，并对脂质代谢和抗氧化状态产生积极影响。这些发现表明，由于香草酸和γ-内酯具有抗氧化特性，它们在禽类养殖中具有显著的潜在应用价值。
