Yadav Sudhir, Jha Rajesh
Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019 Jan 15;10:2. doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0310-9. eCollection 2019.
Poultry is widely produced and consumed meat globally. Its demand is expected to continue increasing to meet the animal protein requirement for ever-increasing human population. Thus, the challenge that poultry scientists and industry face are to produce sufficient amount of poultry meat in the most efficient way. In the past, using antibiotics to promote the growth of poultry and manage gut microbiota was a norm. However, due to concerns over potential fatalistic impacts on food animals and indirectly to humans, their use as feed additives are banned or regulated in several jurisdictions. In this changed context, several alternative strategies have been proposed with some success that mimics the functions of antibiotics as growth promoters and modulate gut microbiota for their beneficial roles. These include the use of probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and exogenous enzyme, among others. Gut microbiota and their metabolic products improve nutrient digestion, absorption, metabolism, and overall health and growth performance of poultry. This paper reviews the available information on the effect of feed additives used to modulate intestinal microbiota of poultry and their effects on overall health and growth performance. Understanding these functions and interactions will help to develop new dietary and managerial strategies that will ultimately lead to enhanced feed utilization and improved growth performance of poultry. This review will help future researchers and industry to identify alternative feed ingredients having properties like prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids, and exogenous enzymes.
家禽肉是全球广泛生产和消费的肉类。预计其需求将持续增长，以满足不断增长的人口对动物蛋白的需求。因此，家禽科学家和行业面临的挑战是以最有效的方式生产足够数量的家禽肉。过去，使用抗生素促进家禽生长和管理肠道微生物群是一种常态。然而，由于担心对食用动物以及间接对人类可能产生的致命影响，在一些司法管辖区，抗生素作为饲料添加剂的使用被禁止或受到监管。在这种变化的背景下，已经提出了几种替代策略并取得了一些成功，这些策略模仿抗生素作为生长促进剂的功能，并调节肠道微生物群以发挥其有益作用。这些策略包括使用益生菌、益生元、有机酸和外源酶等。肠道微生物群及其代谢产物可改善家禽的营养消化、吸收、代谢以及整体健康和生长性能。本文综述了有关用于调节家禽肠道微生物群的饲料添加剂的作用及其对整体健康和生长性能影响的现有信息。了解这些功能和相互作用将有助于制定新的饮食和管理策略，最终提高家禽的饲料利用率并改善其生长性能。本综述将帮助未来的研究人员和行业识别具有益生元、益生菌、有机酸和外源酶等特性的替代饲料成分。
