Frias Hugo, Maraví César, Arista-Ruiz Miguel A, Yari-Briones Danitza I, Paredes-Valderrama Juan R, Bravo Yesica Rojas, Cortez J V, Segura G T, Ruiz Ricardo Encina, Lapa Rainer M Lopez, Valderrama Nilton Luis Murga
Academic Department of Zootechnics, Faculty of Zootechnical Engineering, Agribusiness and Biotechnology, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Perú.
Laboratory of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Domestic Animals, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Amazonas, Perú.
Vet World. 2023 Mar;16(3):546-553. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.546-553. Epub 2023 Mar 22.
Extensive cattle rearing is a major source of economy for the inhabitants of the Amazon region of Peru. Milk and meat production is generally affected by the prevalence of various parasites, including hepatic and gastrointestinal parasites, as these products provide ideal conditions for parasitic growth. This poses a serious public health threat. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, coinfection, and risk factors associated with the liver fluke ( and other gastrointestinal parasites in cattle from the Amazon region of Peru.
Fecal samples obtained from 1450 bovine specimens were analyzed using flotation and sedimentation methods to identify parasites, including spp., strongyle-type eggs (STEs), and . We collected information about the specimens, including age, sex, origin, breed, category, frequency of deworming, farm size, herd size, water sources, and rearing system by conducting simple inspections and interviewing owners. The data obtained were statistically evaluated using the Chi-square test (p < 0.05) to determine the association between the qualitative variables. We also calculated the odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval to identify the risk factors.
We observed that , spp., and STEs were 45.6%, 39.8%, and 35.3% prevalent, respectively. We found risk factors related to distomatosis in the animals from Huambo, where the drinking water sources are mainly streams, ditches, and rivers, while the specimens from Valle Chico were predisposed to coccidiosis. Further, the risk factors related to the presence of STEs in feces were age (61-90 months), origin (Valle Chico), herd size (<50 animals), and type of extensive rearing. Furthermore, significant coinfection was observed between spp. and STEs.
The high percentages of parasites in cattle observed were related to epidemiological factors, such as the origin of the sample, water sources, age, herd size, and extensive breeding. Similarly, the presence of STEs was a risk factor for contracting coccidiosis. Our future goals include investigating these parasites using a larger sample size and identifying more risk factors using more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests.
大规模养牛是秘鲁亚马逊地区居民的主要经济来源。牛奶和肉类生产通常受到各种寄生虫流行率的影响，包括肝寄生虫和胃肠道寄生虫，因为这些产品为寄生虫生长提供了理想条件。这对公共卫生构成了严重威胁。本研究旨在估计秘鲁亚马逊地区牛的肝吸虫（以及其他胃肠道寄生虫）的流行率、混合感染情况及相关危险因素。
从1450份牛样本中采集粪便样本，采用漂浮法和沉淀法分析以鉴定寄生虫，包括 属、圆线虫类虫卵（STEs）以及 。通过简单检查和询问养殖户，我们收集了有关样本的信息，包括年龄、性别、产地、品种、类别、驱虫频率、养殖场规模、畜群规模、水源和饲养系统。使用卡方检验（p < 0.05）对获得的数据进行统计学评估，以确定定性变量之间的关联。我们还计算了95%置信区间的比值比以识别危险因素。
我们观察到， 属、 属和STEs的流行率分别为45.6%、39.8%和35.3%。我们发现，来自万博的动物感染吸虫病的危险因素在于其饮用水源主要是溪流、沟渠和河流，而来自奇科山谷的样本易患球虫病。此外，粪便中存在STEs的危险因素包括年龄（61 - 90个月）、产地（奇科山谷）、畜群规模（<50头动物）和粗放饲养类型。此外，观察到 属和STEs之间存在显著的混合感染。
观察到牛体内寄生虫的高比例与流行病学因素有关，如样本产地、水源、年龄、畜群规模和粗放养殖。同样，STEs的存在是感染球虫病的危险因素。我们未来的目标包括使用更大的样本量研究这些寄生虫，并使用更敏感和特异的诊断测试识别更多危险因素。
