School of Psychology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, R93 XE12 Carlow, Ireland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Apr 4;20(7):5394. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20075394.
Farming is essential work, but it suffers from very high injury and fatality rates. Machinery, including tractors, are a leading cause of serious injuries and fatalities to farmers and farm workers in many countries. Herein, we document the systematic development of an evidence-based, theory-informed behaviour change intervention to increase machine-related safety on farms. Intervention development progressed through four phases. Phase 1 defined the problem in behavioural terms based a review of the literature, Phase 2 identified candidate intervention targets through a series of focus groups guided by the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model and Phase 3 employed expert and stakeholder consultation guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to consider potential target behaviours and intervention components and finalise the intervention content. Phase 4 finalised the evaluation strategies with a team of agricultural advisors who supported the rollout and identified outcome measures for the first trial. The target intervention was the identification of blind spots of farm tractors, and three priority target behaviours (farm safety practices) were identified. Following Phase 3, the intervention comprised four components that are delivered in a group-based, face-to-face session with farmers. In Phase 4, the acceptability, feasibility, and fidelity of these components were identified as the outcome measures for the first trial of the intervention. The four-phase systematic method detailed here constitutes an initial template for developing theory-based, stakeholder-driven, behaviour-change-based interventions targeting farmers and reporting such developments.
农业是一项重要的工作，但它的受伤和死亡率非常高。在许多国家，机械（包括拖拉机）是导致农民和农场工人严重受伤和死亡的主要原因。在此，我们记录了一个基于证据、理论指导的行为改变干预措施的系统发展，以提高农场的机械相关安全性。干预措施的发展经历了四个阶段。第 1 阶段根据文献综述从行为角度定义了问题，第 2 阶段通过一系列以能力-机会-动机-行为（COM-B）模型为指导的焦点小组确定了候选干预目标，第 3 阶段通过行为改变车轮（BCW）指导的专家和利益相关者咨询考虑了潜在的目标行为和干预组件，并最终确定了干预内容。第 4 阶段由农业顾问团队完成评估策略，他们支持该干预措施的推广并确定了首次试验的结果衡量标准。目标干预措施是确定农用拖拉机的盲点，确定了三个优先目标行为（农场安全实践）。在第 3 阶段之后，干预措施包括四个组件，这些组件在面向农民的小组面对面会议中提供。在第 4 阶段，这些组件的可接受性、可行性和保真度被确定为干预措施首次试验的结果衡量标准。这里详细介绍的四阶段系统方法构成了针对农民制定基于理论、利益相关者驱动、行为改变为基础的干预措施并报告此类进展的初始模板。
