Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Institute for Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Apr 4;20(7):5399. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20075399.
The widely accepted model of prevention, including primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, focuses predominantly on diseases. The WHO provides a comprehensive model of health conceptualized on the basis of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This paper develops a conceptual description of prevention aimed at functioning on the basis of the ICF model. Starting from the ICF-based conceptual descriptions of rehabilitation as a health strategy, a conceptual description of functioning prevention has been developed. Prevention aiming at functioning is the health strategy that applies approaches to avoid or reduce risks of impairing bodily functions and structures, activity limitations and participation restrictions; to strengthen the resources of the person; to optimize capacity and performance; to prevent impairments of bodily functions and structures; to prevent activity limitations and participation restrictions; to reduce contextual risk factors and barriers, including personal and environmental factors; to promote and strengthen contextual facilitators, with the goal of enabling people with impairments and people at risk of disability; and to maintain or improve the level of functioning in interactions with the environment. The proposed concept widens the scope of prevention to all aspects of functioning, including contextual factors.
广为接受的预防模式，包括一级、二级和三级预防，主要侧重于疾病。世界卫生组织提供了一个基于国际功能、残疾和健康分类（ICF）概念化的健康综合模式。本文基于 ICF 模型，制定了一个针对功能的预防概念描述。从康复作为健康策略的 ICF 概念描述出发，制定了功能预防的概念描述。旨在促进功能的预防是一种健康策略，它采用各种方法来避免或减少损害身体功能和结构、活动受限和参与受限的风险；增强个人的资源；优化能力和表现；预防身体功能和结构受损；预防活动受限和参与受限；减少包括个人和环境因素在内的情境风险因素和障碍；促进和加强情境促进因素，以使有身体功能障碍和有残疾风险的人能够；并维持或改善与环境相互作用中的功能水平。所提出的概念将预防的范围扩大到身体功能的所有方面，包括情境因素。
