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手机辐射暴露限值与工程解决方案。

Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits and Engineering Solutions.

机构信息

Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada.

Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.

出版信息

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Apr 4;20(7):5398. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20075398.

Abstract

In the 1990s, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) restricted its risk assessment for human exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) in seven ways: (1) Inappropriate focus on heat, ignoring sub-thermal effects. (2) Reliance on exposure experiments performed over very short times. (3) Overlooking time/amplitude characteristics of RFR signals. (4) Ignoring carcinogenicity, hypersensitivity, and other health conditions connected with RFR. (5) Measuring cellphone Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) at arbitrary distances from the head. (6) Averaging SAR doses at volumetric/mass scales irrelevant to health. (7) Using unrealistic simulations for cell phone SAR estimations. Low-cost software and hardware modifications are proposed here for cellular phone RFR exposure mitigation: (1) inhibiting RFR emissions in contact with the body, (2) use of antenna patterns reducing the Percent of Power absorbed in the Head (PPHead) and body and increasing the Percent of Power Radiated for communications (PPR), and (3) automated protocol-based reductions of the number of RFR emissions, their duration, or integrated dose. These inexpensive measures do not fundamentally alter cell phone functions or communications quality. A health threat is scientifically documented at many levels and acknowledged by industries. Yet mitigation of RFR exposures to users does not appear as a priority with most cell phone manufacturers.

摘要

在 20 世纪 90 年代,电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)以七种方式限制了其对射频辐射(RFR)的人体暴露风险评估:(1)不恰当地关注热量,忽略亚热效应。(2)依赖于在非常短的时间内进行的暴露实验。(3)忽略 RFR 信号的时间/幅度特征。(4)忽略致癌性、超敏性和其他与 RFR 相关的健康状况。(5)在头部任意距离处测量手机的特定吸收率(SAR)。(6)在与健康无关的体积/质量尺度上平均 SAR 剂量。(7)使用不切实际的模拟来估算手机的 SAR。这里提出了用于降低手机射频辐射暴露的低成本软件和硬件修改:(1)抑制与身体接触时的 RFR 发射,(2)使用天线模式降低头部和身体吸收的功率百分比(PPHead)和增加用于通信的功率辐射百分比(PPR),以及(3)基于自动协议减少 RFR 发射的数量、持续时间或综合剂量。这些廉价措施不会从根本上改变手机的功能或通信质量。科学记录在多个层面上记录了健康威胁,并得到了行业的承认。然而,大多数手机制造商似乎并没有将减轻用户的 RFR 暴露作为优先事项。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/74af/10094704/742ad378809d/ijerph-20-05398-g001.jpg

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