Gou Nina, Wang Kaifeng, Jin Tiezhi, Yang Bin
Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an 710032, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Mar 25;13(7):1168. doi: 10.3390/ani13071168.
The present research was conducted to assess the influences of starvation and refeeding on growth, nonspecific immunity and lipid metabolic adaptation in To date, there have been no similar reports in . The fish were randomly assigned into two groups: control group (continuous feeding for six weeks) and starved-refed group (starvation for three weeks and then refeeding for three weeks). After three weeks of starvation, the results showed that the body weight (BW, 1.44 g), condition factor (CF, 1.17%), visceral index (VSI, 3.96%), hepatopancreas index (HSI, 0.93%) and intraperitoneal fat index (IPFI, 0.70%) of fish were significantly lower compared to the control group (BW, 5.72 g; CF, 1.85%; VSI, 6.35%; HSI, 2.04%; IPFI, 1.92%) ( < 0.05). After starvation, the serum triglyceride (TG, 0.83 mmol/L), total cholesterol (T-GHOL, 1.15 mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein (HDL, 1.13 mmol/L) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, 0.46 mmol/L) concentrations were significantly lower than those in the control group (TG, 1.69 mmol/L; T-GHOL, 1.86 mmol/L; HDL, 1.62 mmol/L; LDL, 0.63 mmol/L) ( < 0.05). The activities of intestinal digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase and protease) in the starved-refed group were significantly lower than those in the control group after three weeks of starvation ( < 0.05). The highest activities of immune enzymes such as lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphate (ACP), alkaline phosphate (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT) in the hepatopancreas were presented in the starved-refed group at second week, and significantly higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). Meanwhile, starvation significantly improved intestinal immune enzymes activities ( < 0.05). the lowest TG contents and the highest expression levels of lipolysis genes including hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 isoform A (CPT-1A) appeared in the hepatopancreas, muscle and intraperitoneal fat after starvation, indicating the mobilization of fat reserves in these tissues ( < 0.05). After refeeding, the recovery of TG content might be mediated by the upregulation of the expression levels of lipogenesis genes such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Understanding the duration of physiological and metabolic changes in and their reversibility or irreversibility to supplementary feeding response could provide valuable reference for the adaptability of in large-scale culturing, proliferation and release.
本研究旨在评估饥饿和再投喂对[鱼的种类未明确]生长、非特异性免疫和脂质代谢适应性的影响。迄今为止，[具体范围未明确]尚无类似报道。将鱼随机分为两组：对照组（连续投喂六周）和饥饿再投喂组（饥饿三周，然后再投喂三周）。饥饿三周后，结果显示，与对照组（体重5.72 g；肥满度1.85%；脏体比6.35%；肝胰脏指数2.04%；腹腔脂肪指数1.92%）相比，饥饿再投喂组鱼的体重（1.44 g）、肥满度（1.17%）、脏体比（3.96%）、肝胰脏指数（0.93%）和腹腔脂肪指数（0.70%）显著降低（P<0.05）。饥饿后，饥饿再投喂组血清甘油三酯（TG，0.83 mmol/L）、总胆固醇（T-GHOL，1.15 mmol/L）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL，1.13 mmol/L）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL，0.46 mmol/L）浓度显著低于对照组（TG，1.69 mmol/L；T-GHOL，1.86 mmol/L；HDL，1.62 mmol/L；LDL，0.63 mmol/L）（P<0.05）。饥饿三周后，饥饿再投喂组肠道消化酶（淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶）活性显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。饥饿再投喂组肝胰脏中溶菌酶（LZM）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）等免疫酶的活性在第二周最高，且显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。同时，饥饿显著提高了肠道免疫酶活性（P<0.05）。饥饿后，肝胰脏、肌肉和腹腔脂肪中TG含量最低，激素敏感脂肪酶（HSL）和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1同工型A（CPT-1A）等脂肪分解基因的表达水平最高，表明这些组织中脂肪储备的动员（P<0.05）。再投喂后，TG含量的恢复可能是由固醇调节元件结合蛋白1（SREBP1）和脂肪酸合酶（FAS）等脂肪生成基因表达水平的上调介导的。了解[鱼的种类未明确]生理和代谢变化的持续时间及其对补充投喂反应的可逆性或不可逆性，可为[鱼的种类未明确]在大规模养殖、增殖和放流中的适应性提供有价值的参考。
