Lisowska Anna, Dubatówka Marlena, Chlabicz Małgorzata, Jamiołkowski Jacek, Kondraciuk Marcin, Szyszkowska Anna, Knapp Małgorzata, Szpakowicz Anna, Łukasiewicz Adam, Kamiński Karol
Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2023 Mar 31;12(7):2627. doi: 10.3390/jcm12072627.
This study was conducted in a representative sample of area residents aged 20-80 years old. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of classic risk factors of atherosclerosis in the studied population and to search for new risk factors in these patient subpopulations. A total of 795 people (mean age 48.64 ± 15.24 years, 45.5% male) were included in the study group. Two independent data analyses were performed. In the first analysis, the study group was divided into two subgroups depending on the presence or absence of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries (APCA). APCA were observed in 49.7% of the study group: in the population aged between 41 and 60 years in 49.3%, and those between 61 and 70 years in 86.3%. Patients with APCA were more often diagnosed with arterial hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. In the second analysis, the study group was divided into two subgroups depending on the presence of lower extremities atherosclerotic disease (LEAD). Patients with an ABI (ankle-brachial index) ≤ 0.9 constituted 8.5% of the study group, and they were significantly older, and more often diagnosed with diabetes and APCA. To identify the factors most strongly associated with APCA and an ABI ≤ 0.9, logistic regression was used, with stepwise elimination of variables. The strongest factors associated with APCA were current smoking and diastolic central pressure. We did not note such an association and did not find additional parameters to facilitate the diagnosis of LEAD in asymptomatic patients. The most important observation in our study was the high prevalence of APCA in the study population, especially in the group of young people under the age of 60.
本研究在年龄为20 - 80岁的地区居民代表性样本中进行。该研究的目的是评估所研究人群中动脉粥样硬化经典危险因素的患病率，并在这些患者亚组中寻找新的危险因素。研究组共纳入795人（平均年龄48.64 ± 15.24岁，男性占45.5%）。进行了两项独立的数据分析。在第一次分析中，根据颈动脉粥样硬化斑块（APCA）的有无，将研究组分为两个亚组。研究组中49.7%观察到有APCA：41至60岁人群中为49.3%，61至70岁人群中为86.3%。有APCA的患者更常被诊断为动脉高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症。在第二次分析中，根据下肢动脉粥样硬化疾病（LEAD）的有无，将研究组分为两个亚组。踝臂指数（ABI）≤ 0.9的患者占研究组的8.5%，他们年龄显著更大，且更常被诊断为糖尿病和APCA。为确定与APCA和ABI≤ 0.9最密切相关的因素，采用了逻辑回归，并逐步消除变量。与APCA最密切相关的因素是当前吸烟和舒张压。我们未注意到此类关联，也未发现有助于无症状患者诊断LEAD的其他参数。我们研究中最重要的观察结果是研究人群中APCA的高患病率，尤其是在60岁以下的年轻人组中。
