Yakushin Vladimir, Rundans Maris, Holynska Malgorzata, Sture Beatrise, Cabulis Ugis
Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Polymer Laboratory, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Mar 31;16(7):2798. doi: 10.3390/ma16072798.
Rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams have outstanding properties, and some of them are successfully used even today as cryogenic insulation. The fourth-generation blowing agent Solstice LBA and commercial polyols were used for the production of a low-density cryogenic PUR foam composition. A lab-scale pouring method for PUR foam preparation and up-scaling of the processes using an industrial spraying machine are described in this article. For the determination of the foam properties at cryogenic temperature, original methods, devices, and appliances were used. The properties at room and cryogenic temperatures of the developed PUR foams using a low-toxicity, bismuth-based, and low-emission amine catalyst were compared with a reference foam with a conventional tin-based additive amine catalyst. It was found that the values of important cryogenic characteristics such as adhesion strength after cryoshock and the safety coefficient of the PUR foams formed with new reactive-type amine-based catalysts and with the blowing agent Solstice LBA were higher than those of the foam with conventional catalysts.
硬质聚氨酯（PUR）泡沫具有出色的性能，其中一些性能即使在今天仍成功用于低温隔热。第四代发泡剂Solstice LBA和商用多元醇被用于生产低密度低温PUR泡沫组合物。本文介绍了一种实验室规模的PUR泡沫制备浇注方法以及使用工业喷涂机对工艺进行放大。为了测定低温温度下泡沫的性能，使用了原始的方法、装置和器具。将使用低毒性、铋基和低排放胺催化剂制备的PUR泡沫在室温和低温下的性能与使用传统锡基添加剂胺催化剂的参考泡沫进行了比较。结果发现，采用新型反应型胺基催化剂和发泡剂Solstice LBA形成的PUR泡沫在低温冲击后的粘结强度和安全系数等重要低温特性值高于使用传统催化剂的泡沫。
