Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
Cereal Science Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 3;25(13):7324. doi: 10.3390/ijms25137324.
Wheat allergy is a major type of food allergy with the potential for life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Common wheat, (hexaploid, AABBDD genome), was developed using tetraploid wheat (AABB genome) and the ancient diploid wheat progenitor (DD genome)-. The potential allergenicity of gluten from ancient diploid wheat is unknown. In this study, using a novel adjuvant-free gluten allergy mouse model, we tested the hypothesis that the glutenin extract from this ancient wheat progenitor will be intrinsically allergenic in this model. The ancient wheat was grown, and wheat berries were used to extract the glutenin for testing. A plant protein-free colony of Balb/c mice was established and used in this study. The intrinsic allergic sensitization potential of the glutenin was determined by measuring IgE response upon transdermal exposure without the use of an adjuvant. Clinical sensitization for eliciting systemic anaphylaxis (SA) was determined by quantifying the hypothermic shock response (HSR) and the mucosal mast cell response (MMCR) upon intraperitoneal injection. Glutenin extract elicited a robust and specific IgE response. Life-threatening SA associated and a significant MMCR were induced by the glutenin challenge. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of the spleen tissue revealed evidence of in vivo Th2 pathway activation. In addition, using a recently published fold-change analysis method, several immune markers positively and negatively associated with SA were identified. These results demonstrate for the first time that the glutenin from the ancient wheat progenitor is intrinsically allergenic, as it has the capacity to elicit clinical sensitization for anaphylaxis via activation of the Th2 pathway in vivo in mice.
小麦过敏是一种主要的食物过敏类型，有发生危及生命的过敏反应的潜在风险。普通小麦（六倍体，AABBDD 基因组）是利用四倍体小麦（AABB 基因组）和古代二倍体小麦祖先（DD 基因组）开发的。古代二倍体小麦中谷蛋白的潜在致敏性尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们使用了一种新型无佐剂的谷蛋白过敏小鼠模型，来检验这样一个假设，即来自古代小麦祖先的谷蛋白提取液在该模型中具有内在的致敏性。种植了这种古代小麦，并使用小麦麦粒来提取谷蛋白进行测试。建立了一个不含植物蛋白的 Balb/c 小鼠群体，并将其用于本研究。通过不使用佐剂的经皮暴露来测量 IgE 反应，确定谷蛋白的内在过敏致敏潜力。通过定量测定体温过低休克反应（HSR）和腹腔内注射时的黏膜肥大细胞反应（MMCR），来确定引发全身性过敏反应（SA）的临床致敏作用。谷蛋白提取物引起了强烈而特异的 IgE 反应。谷蛋白挑战引起了危及生命的 SA 相关和显著的 MMCR。此外，对脾组织的蛋白质组学分析显示了体内 Th2 途径激活的证据。此外，使用最近发表的折叠变化分析方法，鉴定了与 SA 呈正相关和负相关的几种免疫标志物。这些结果首次证明，来自古代小麦祖先的谷蛋白是内在致敏的，因为它具有通过体内激活 Th2 途径引发过敏反应的能力。
