Vasquez-Martínez Nathaly, Guillen Daniel, Moreno-Mendieta Silvia Andrea, Sanchez Sergio, Rodríguez-Sanoja Romina
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de Posgrado, C.U., Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Mar 24;15(7):1615. doi: 10.3390/polym15071615.
Mucus is a viscoelastic gel that acts as a protective barrier for epithelial surfaces. The mucosal vehicles and adjuvants need to pass through the mucus layer to make drugs and vaccine delivery by mucosal routes possible. The mucoadhesion of polymer particle adjuvants significantly increases the contact time between vaccine formulations and the mucosa; then, the particles can penetrate the mucus layer and epithelium to reach mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. This review presents the key findings that have aided in understanding mucoadhesion and mucopenetration while exploring the influence of physicochemical characteristics on mucus-polymer interactions. We describe polymer-based particles designed with mucoadhesive or mucopenetrating properties and discuss the impact of mucoadhesive polymers on local and systemic immune responses after mucosal immunization. In future research, more attention paid to the design and development of mucosal adjuvants could lead to more effective vaccines.
黏液是一种黏弹性凝胶，可作为上皮表面的保护屏障。黏膜载体和佐剂需要穿过黏液层，才能实现通过黏膜途径进行药物和疫苗递送。聚合物颗粒佐剂的黏膜黏附性显著增加了疫苗制剂与黏膜的接触时间；然后，颗粒可以穿透黏液层和上皮，到达黏膜相关淋巴组织。本综述介绍了有助于理解黏膜黏附与黏膜穿透的关键发现，同时探讨了物理化学特性对黏液-聚合物相互作用的影响。我们描述了具有黏膜黏附或黏膜穿透特性的聚合物基颗粒，并讨论了黏膜黏附聚合物对黏膜免疫后局部和全身免疫反应的影响。在未来的研究中，更多地关注黏膜佐剂的设计和开发可能会带来更有效的疫苗。
