Mavelil-Sam Rubie, Ouseph Elizabeth Mariya, Morreale Marco, Scaffaro Roberto, Thomas Sabu
School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, India.
School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, India.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Mar 26;15(7):1650. doi: 10.3390/polym15071650.
Versatility of the anionic algal polysaccharide carrageenan has long been discussed and explored, especially for their affinity towards water molecules. While this feature is advantageous in certain applications such as water remediation, wound healing, etc., the usefulness of this biopolymer is extremely limited when it comes to applications such as food packaging. Scientists around the globe are carrying out research works on venturing diverse methods to integrate hydrophobic nature into these polysaccharides without compromising their other functionalities. Considering these foregoing studies, this review is designed to have an in-depth understanding of diverse methods and techniques adopted for tuning the hydrophobic nature of carrageenan-based bionanocomposites, both via surface alterations or by changes made to their chemical structure and attached functional groups. This review article mainly focuses on how the hydrophobicity of carrageenan bionanocomposites varies as a function of the type and refinement of carrageenan, and with the incorporation of additives including plasticisers, nanofillers, bioactive agents, etc. Incorporation of nanofillers such as polysaccharide-based nanoparticles, nanoclays, bioceramic and mineral based nanoparticles, carbon dots and nanotubes, metal oxide nanoparticles, etc., along with their synergistic effects in hybrid bionanocomposites are also dealt with in this comprehensive review article.
阴离子藻类多糖卡拉胶的多功能性长期以来一直被讨论和探索，尤其是其对水分子的亲和力。虽然这一特性在某些应用中具有优势，如水处理、伤口愈合等，但这种生物聚合物在食品包装等应用中的实用性极其有限。全球科学家正在开展研究工作，探索各种方法，在不影响其其他功能的前提下，将疏水性引入这些多糖中。考虑到上述研究，本综述旨在深入了解通过表面改性或改变其化学结构及连接的官能团来调节基于卡拉胶的生物纳米复合材料疏水性所采用的各种方法和技术。本文主要关注卡拉胶生物纳米复合材料的疏水性如何随卡拉胶的类型和精制程度以及增塑剂、纳米填料、生物活性剂等添加剂的加入而变化。本文还全面探讨了多糖基纳米颗粒、纳米黏土、生物陶瓷和矿物基纳米颗粒、碳点和纳米管、金属氧化物纳米颗粒等纳米填料的加入及其在混合生物纳米复合材料中的协同效应。
