Department of The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China.
Int J Oncol. 2023 May;62(5). doi: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5511. Epub 2023 Apr 13.
Gynecological malignancies are a leading cause of mortality among females worldwide, and difficulties in early diagnosis and acquired drug resistance constitute obstacles to effective therapies. Ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. Specifically, in females aged 20 to 39 years, cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer‑related mortality, and the incidence rates of cervical adenocarcinoma are increasing. Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries, such as the United States. Vulvar cancer and uterine sarcomas are considered rare, and therefore require further investigation. Notably, the development of novel treatment options is critical. Previous research has revealed metabolic reprogramming as a distinct feature of tumor cells, which includes aerobic glycolysis. In this instance, cells produce adenosine triphosphate and various precursor molecules through glycolysis, despite oxygen levels being sufficient. This is to meet the energy required for rapid DNA replication. This phenomenon is also known as the Warburg effect. The Warburg effect results in an increased glucose uptake, lactate production and reduced pH values in tumor cells. The results of previous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) regulate glycolysis, and participate in tumorigenesis and tumor progression via interactions with glucose transporters, essential enzymes, tumor suppressor genes, transcription factors and multiple cellular signaling pathways that play critical roles in glycolysis. Notably, miRNAs affect the levels of glycolysis in ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancers. The present review article provides a comprehensive overview of the literature surrounding miRNAs in the glycolysis of gynecological malignant cells. The present review also aimed to determine the role of miRNAs as potential therapeutic options rather than diagnostic markers.
妇科恶性肿瘤是全球女性死亡的主要原因，早期诊断困难和获得性耐药性是有效治疗的障碍。卵巢癌导致的死亡人数超过女性生殖系统任何其他癌症。具体来说，在 20 至 39 岁的女性中，宫颈癌是癌症相关死亡的第三大原因，而且宫颈腺癌的发病率正在上升。子宫内膜癌是美国等发达国家最常见的妇科癌症。外阴癌和子宫肉瘤被认为较为罕见，因此需要进一步研究。值得注意的是，开发新的治疗方案至关重要。先前的研究表明，代谢重编程是肿瘤细胞的一个显著特征，包括有氧糖酵解。在这种情况下，细胞通过糖酵解产生三磷酸腺苷和各种前体分子，尽管氧气水平充足。这是为了满足快速 DNA 复制所需的能量。这种现象也被称为沃伯格效应。沃伯格效应导致肿瘤细胞葡萄糖摄取增加、乳酸生成减少和 pH 值降低。先前研究的结果表明，微小 RNA（miRNA/miRs）调节糖酵解，并通过与葡萄糖转运蛋白、必需酶、肿瘤抑制基因、转录因子和在糖酵解中发挥关键作用的多种细胞信号通路相互作用，参与肿瘤发生和肿瘤进展。值得注意的是，miRNAs 影响卵巢癌、宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌中的糖酵解水平。本文综述了 miRNA 在妇科恶性细胞糖酵解中的研究进展。本文还旨在确定 miRNA 作为潜在治疗选择而不是诊断标志物的作用。
