Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Neuroendocrinol. 2023 Nov;35(11):e13251. doi: 10.1111/jne.13251. Epub 2023 Apr 13.
Throughout the 20th Century, regulatory peptide discovery advanced from the identification of gut hormones to the extraction and characterization of hypothalamic hypophysiotropic factors, and to the isolation and cloning of multiple brain neuropeptides. These discoveries were followed by the discovery of G-protein-coupled and other membrane receptors for these peptides. Subsequently, the systems physiology associated with some of these multiple regulatory peptides and receptors has been comprehensively elucidated and has led to improved therapeutics and diagnostics and their approval by the US Food and Drug Administration. In light of this wealth of information and further potential, it is truly a time of renaissance for regulatory peptides. In this perspective, we review what we have learned from the pioneers in exemplified fields of gut peptides, such as cholecystokinin, enterochromaffin-like-cell peptides, and glucagon, from the trailblazing studies on the key stress hormone, corticotropin-releasing factor, as well as from more recently characterized relaxin-family peptides and receptors. The historical viewpoints are based on our understanding of these topics in light of the earliest phases of research and on subsequent studies and the evolution of knowledge, aiming to sharpen our vision of the current state-of-the-art and those studies that should be prioritized in the future.
纵观 20 世纪，调节肽的发现经历了从肠道激素的鉴定，到下丘脑神经垂体因子的提取和特性描述，再到多种脑神经肽的分离和克隆。这些发现之后是这些肽的 G 蛋白偶联和其他膜受体的发现。随后，与其中一些多种调节肽和受体相关的系统生理学得到了全面阐明，并导致了治疗和诊断方法的改进，这些方法已获得美国食品和药物管理局的批准。鉴于这些丰富的信息和进一步的潜力，调节肽确实迎来了复兴的时代。在这篇观点文章中，我们回顾了在肠道肽等领域的先驱者所取得的成果，例如胆囊收缩素、肠嗜铬样细胞肽和胰高血糖素，以及在关键应激激素促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子方面的开创性研究，以及最近表征的松弛素家族肽和受体。这些历史观点是基于我们对这些主题的理解，既考虑了研究的早期阶段，也考虑了后续研究和知识的演变，旨在使我们更清楚地了解当前的最新技术水平以及未来应优先考虑的研究。
