Solcia E, Usellini L, Buffa R, Rindi G, Villani L, Zampatti C, Silini E
Experientia. 1987 Jul 15;43(7):839-50. doi: 10.1007/BF01945362.
Recent data on the immunolocalization of regulatory peptides and related propeptide sequences in endocrine cells and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lung, thyroid, pituitary (ACTH and opioids), adrenals and paraganglia have been revised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), neurotensin, glicentin/glucagon-37 and PYY (peptide tyrosine tyrosine) are the main products of gastrointestinal endocrine cells; glucagon, CRF (corticotropin releasing factor), somatostatin, PP (pancreatic polypeptide) and GRF (growth hormone releasing factor), in addition to insulin, are produced in pancreatic islet cells; bombesin-related peptides are the main markers of pulmonary endocrine cells; calcitonin and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) occur in thyroid and extrathyroid C cells; ACTH and endorphins in anterior and intermediate lobe pituitary cells, alpha-MSH and CLIP (corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide) in intermediate lobe cells; met- and leu-enkephalins and related peptides in adrenal medullary and paraganglionic cells as well as in some gut (enterochromaffin) cells; NPY (neuropeptide Y) in adrenaline-type adrenal medullary cells, etc.. Both tissue-appropriate and tissue-inappropriate regulatory peptides are produced by endocrine tumours, with inappropriate peptides mostly produced by malignant tumours.
有关调节肽及其相关前体肽序列在胃肠道、胰腺、肺、甲状腺、垂体（促肾上腺皮质激素和阿片类物质）、肾上腺和副神经节的内分泌细胞及肿瘤中的免疫定位的最新数据已得到修订和讨论。胃泌素、异胃泌素、胆囊收缩素（CCK）、生长抑素、胃动素、促胰液素、胃抑肽（GIP）、神经降压素、胰高血糖素原/胰高血糖素-37和酪酪肽（PYY）是胃肠道内分泌细胞的主要产物；除胰岛素外，胰高血糖素、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）、生长抑素、胰多肽（PP）和生长激素释放因子（GRF）由胰岛细胞产生；蛙皮素相关肽是肺内分泌细胞的主要标志物；降钙素和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）存在于甲状腺及甲状腺外的C细胞中；促肾上腺皮质激素和内啡肽存在于垂体前叶和中叶细胞中，α-促黑素和促肾上腺皮质激素样中叶肽（CLIP）存在于中叶细胞中；甲硫氨酸脑啡肽和亮氨酸脑啡肽及相关肽存在于肾上腺髓质和副神经节细胞以及一些肠道（肠嗜铬）细胞中；神经肽Y（NPY）存在于肾上腺素型肾上腺髓质细胞中等。内分泌肿瘤可产生组织特异性和非组织特异性的调节肽，非组织特异性肽大多由恶性肿瘤产生。
