Räihä N C
Ciba Found Symp. 1978(63):137-60.
The adaptation of newborn mannals to extrauterine life depends in large part on the maturation of biochemical and physiological functions during perinatal development. Hormones such as glucocorticoids, catecholamines and glucagon can stimulate enzyme induction during development; on the other hand, insulin has been shown to antagonize these stimulatory effects. Only the surface of the problem of hormonal regulation of enzyme differentiation during the perinatal period has been reached, especially as regards human development. Each enzyme presents unique problems of chemical regulation; the functional consequences of these factors are not exactly the same in each tissue and perhaps not in each species. The possibility of using inducing agents such as hormones, drugs and substrates to promote biochemical enzyme differentiation is a new and exciting aspect which needs to be explored further as a means of facilitating survival and ensuring optimal extrauterine development of the immaturely born human infant or the full-term infant with delayed-enzymic development. However, any intervention in the carefully programmed interplay of different hormones which regulate normal enzymic adaptation and development during the perinatal period should be undertaken only after careful consideration. The possibilities of long-term harm must be weighed against short-term benefits.
新生哺乳动物对宫外生活的适应在很大程度上取决于围产期发育过程中生化和生理功能的成熟。糖皮质激素、儿茶酚胺和胰高血糖素等激素可在发育过程中刺激酶的诱导；另一方面，胰岛素已被证明可拮抗这些刺激作用。在围产期，尤其是就人类发育而言，仅触及了酶分化的激素调节问题的表面。每种酶都存在独特的化学调节问题；这些因素在每个组织中的功能后果并不完全相同，在每个物种中可能也不一样。利用激素、药物和底物等诱导剂来促进生化酶分化的可能性是一个新的、令人兴奋的方面，作为促进早产人类婴儿或酶发育延迟的足月儿存活并确保其宫外最佳发育的一种手段，需要进一步探索。然而，任何对围产期调节正常酶适应和发育的不同激素之间精心编排的相互作用的干预都应在仔细考虑后进行。必须权衡长期危害的可能性与短期益处。
