Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India.
Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Jul 15;312:120821. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120821. Epub 2023 Mar 20.
Exopolysaccharides are unique polymers generated by living organisms such as algae, fungi and bacteria to protect them from environmental factors. After a fermentative process, these polymers are extracted from the medium culture. Exopolysaccharides have been explored for their anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. Specifically, they have acquired massive attention in novel drug delivery strategies owing to their indispensable properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lack of irritation. Exopolysaccharides such as dextran, alginate, hyaluronic acid, pullulan, xanthan gum, gellan gum, levan, curdlan, cellulose, chitosan, mauran, and schizophyllan exhibited excellent drug carrier properties. Specific exopolysaccharides, such as levan, chitosan, and curdlan, have demonstrated significant antitumor activity. Moreover, chitosan, hyaluronic acid and pullulan can be employed as targeting ligands decorated on nanoplatforms for effective active tumor targeting. This review shields light on the classification, unique characteristics, antitumor activities and nanocarrier properties of exopolysaccharides. In addition, in vitro human cell line experiments and preclinical studies associated with exopolysaccharide-based nanocarriers have also been highlighted.
胞外多糖是由藻类、真菌和细菌等生物体产生的独特聚合物，用于保护它们免受环境因素的影响。经过发酵过程，这些聚合物从培养基中提取出来。胞外多糖因其具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗肿瘤和免疫调节作用而受到广泛关注。特别是由于其具有生物相容性、可生物降解性和无刺激性等不可或缺的特性，它们在新型药物输送策略中获得了大量关注。葡聚糖、藻酸盐、透明质酸、普鲁兰、黄原胶、结冷胶、纤维二糖、几丁聚糖、甘露聚糖和裂褶多糖等胞外多糖表现出优异的药物载体特性。特定的胞外多糖，如纤维二糖、壳聚糖和几丁聚糖，已显示出显著的抗肿瘤活性。此外，壳聚糖、透明质酸和普鲁兰可用作靶向配体，修饰在纳米平台上，以实现有效的主动肿瘤靶向。本综述重点介绍了胞外多糖的分类、独特特性、抗肿瘤活性和纳米载体特性。此外，还强调了基于胞外多糖的纳米载体的体外人类细胞系实验和临床前研究。
