Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2022 Oct 1;218:209-224. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.118. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
Nanofibers are fibrous nanocarriers that can be synthesized from natural polymers, synthetic polymers, semiconducting materials, composite materials, and carbon-based materials. Recently, natural polysaccharides-based nanofibers are gaining attention in the field of pharmaceuticals and biomedical as these are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and economic. Nanofibers can deliver a significant amount of drug to the targeted site and provide effective interaction of therapeutic agent at the site of action due to a larger surface area. Other important advantages of nanofibers are low density, high porosity, small pore size, high mechanical strength, and low cost. In this review, natural polysaccharides such as alginate, pullulan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, cellulose, chondroitin sulfate, chitosan, xanthan gum, and gellan gum are discussed for their characteristics, pharmaceutical utility, and biomedical applications. The authors have given particular emphasis to the several fabrication processes that utilize these polysaccharides to form nanofibers, and their recent updates in pharmaceutical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, skin disorders, wound-healing dressings, cancer therapy, bioactive molecules delivery, anti-infectives, and solubility enhancement. Despite these many advantages, nanofibers have been explored less for their scale-up and applications in advanced therapeutic delivery.
纳米纤维是纤维状纳米载体，可由天然聚合物、合成聚合物、半导体材料、复合材料和碳基材料合成。最近，基于天然多糖的纳米纤维在药物和生物医学领域引起了关注，因为它们具有生物相容性、可生物降解性、无毒和经济性。由于纳米纤维具有更大的表面积，因此可以将大量药物递送到靶向部位，并在作用部位提供治疗剂的有效相互作用。纳米纤维的其他重要优点包括低密度、高孔隙率、小孔径、高强度和低成本。在这篇综述中，讨论了几种天然多糖，如海藻酸盐、普鲁兰、透明质酸、葡聚糖、纤维素、硫酸软骨素、壳聚糖、黄原胶和凝胶多糖，它们具有特性、药物用途和生物医学应用。作者特别强调了利用这些多糖形成纳米纤维的几种制造工艺，以及它们在药物输送、组织工程、皮肤疾病、伤口愈合敷料、癌症治疗、生物活性分子输送、抗感染和提高溶解度等方面的最新药物应用。尽管有这些许多优点，但纳米纤维在其规模化和高级治疗输送中的应用还没有得到充分探索。
