Department of Clinical Sciences, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, FARAH, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
BMC Microbiol. 2023 Apr 15;23(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s12866-023-02828-7.
Pathogenesis of canine fungal rhinitis is still not fully understood. Treatment remains challenging, after cure turbinate destruction may be associated with persistent clinical signs and recurrence of fungal rhinitis can occur. Alterations of the nasal microbiota have been demonstrated in dogs with chronic idiopathic rhinitis and nasal neoplasia, although whether they play a role in the pathogenesis or are a consequence of the disease is still unknown. The objectives of the present study were (1) to describe nasal microbiota alterations associated with fungal rhinitis in dogs, compared with chronic idiopathic rhinitis and controls, (2) to characterize the nasal microbiota modifications associated with successful treatment of fungal rhinitis. Forty dogs diagnosed with fungal rhinitis, 14 dogs with chronic idiopathic rhinitis and 29 healthy control dogs were included. Nine of the fungal rhinitis dogs were resampled after successful treatment with enilconazole infusion.
Only disease status contributed significantly to the variability of the microbiota. The relative abundance of the genus Moraxella was decreased in the fungal rhinitis (5.4 ± 18%) and chronic idiopathic rhinitis (4.6 ± 8.7%) groups compared to controls (51.8 ± 39.7%). Fungal rhinitis and chronic idiopathic rhinitis groups also showed an increased richness and α-diversity at species level compared with controls. Increase in unique families were associated with fungal rhinitis (Staphyloccaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseriaceae) and chronic idiopathic rhinitis (Pasteurellaceae and Lactobacillaceae). In dogs with fungal rhinitis at cure, only 1 dog recovered a high relative abundance of Moraxellaceae.
Results confirm major alterations of the nasal microbiota in dogs affected with fungal rhinitis and chronic idiopathic rhinitis, consisting mainly in a decrease of Moraxella. Besides, a specific dysbiotic profile further differentiated fungal rhinitis from chronic idiopathic rhinitis. In dogs with fungal rhinitis, whether the NM returns to its pre-infection state or progresses toward chronic idiopathic rhinitis or fungal rhinitis recurrence warrants further investigation.
犬真菌性鼻炎的发病机制尚不完全清楚。治疗仍然具有挑战性，治愈后鼻甲破坏可能与持续的临床症状相关，真菌性鼻炎也可能复发。尽管鼻腔微生物群的改变是否在慢性特发性鼻炎和鼻腔肿瘤犬中发挥作用，或者是否是疾病的结果仍不清楚，但已经在患有慢性特发性鼻炎和鼻腔肿瘤的犬中证明了鼻腔微生物群的改变。本研究的目的是（1）描述与真菌性鼻炎相关的鼻腔微生物群改变，与慢性特发性鼻炎和对照组相比，（2）描述与成功治疗真菌性鼻炎相关的鼻腔微生物群改变。共纳入 40 只诊断为真菌性鼻炎的犬、14 只慢性特发性鼻炎犬和 29 只健康对照犬。9 只真菌性鼻炎犬在成功用恩利康唑输注治疗后进行了重新取样。
只有疾病状态对微生物群的变异性有显著影响。与对照组（51.8±39.7%）相比，真菌性鼻炎（5.4±18%）和慢性特发性鼻炎（4.6±8.7%）组中莫拉氏菌属的相对丰度降低。与对照组相比，真菌性鼻炎和慢性特发性鼻炎组在物种水平上的丰富度和α多样性也增加。独特家族的增加与真菌性鼻炎（葡萄球菌科、卟啉单胞菌科、肠杆菌科和奈瑟菌科）和慢性特发性鼻炎（巴斯德氏菌科和乳杆菌科）有关。在治愈的真菌性鼻炎犬中，只有 1 只犬恢复了莫拉氏菌科的高相对丰度。
结果证实了受真菌性鼻炎和慢性特发性鼻炎影响的犬鼻腔微生物群的主要改变，主要表现为莫拉氏菌属的减少。此外，特定的生态失调谱进一步将真菌性鼻炎与慢性特发性鼻炎区分开来。在真菌性鼻炎犬中，NM 是否恢复到感染前状态，或者是否进展为慢性特发性鼻炎或真菌性鼻炎复发，还需要进一步研究。
