Frithioff Andreas, Weiss Kenneth, Frendø Martin, Senn Pascal, Mikkelsen Peter Trier, Sieber Daniel, Sørensen Mads Sølvsten, Pedersen David Bue, Andersen Steven Arild Wuyts
Copenhagen Hearing and Balance Center, Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
3D Print Med. 2023 Apr 17;9(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s41205-023-00174-y.
3D-printed temporal bone models can potentially provide a cost-effective alternative to cadaver surgery that can be manufactured locally at the training department. The objective of this study was to create a cost-effective 3D-printed model suitable for mastoidectomy training using entry level and commercially available print technologies, enabling individuals, without prior experience on 3D-printing, to manufacture their own models for basic temporal bone training.
Expert technical professionals and an experienced otosurgeon identified the best material for replicating the temporal bone and created a cost-effective printing routine for the model using entry-level print technologies. Eleven participants at a temporal bone dissection course evaluated the model using a questionnaire.
The 3D-printed temporal bone model was printed using a material extrusion 3D-printer with a heat resistant filament, reducing melting during drilling. After printing, a few simple post-processing steps were designed to replicate the dura, sigmoid sinus and facial nerve. Modifying the 3D-printer by installing a direct-drive and ruby nozzle resulted in more successful prints and less need for maintenance. Upon evaluation by otorhinolaryngology trainees, unanimous feedback was that the model provided a good introduction to the mastoidectomy procedure, and supplementing practice to cadaveric temporal bones.
In-house production of a cost-effective 3D-printed model for temporal bone training is feasible and enables training institutions to manufacture their own models. Further, this work demonstrates the feasibility of creating new temporal bone models with anatomical variation to provide ample training opportunity.
3D打印颞骨模型有可能为尸体手术提供一种经济高效的替代方案，该模型可在培训部门本地制造。本研究的目的是使用入门级和市售打印技术创建一种适合乳突切除术训练的经济高效的3D打印模型，使没有3D打印经验的个人能够制造自己的模型用于基本的颞骨训练。
专业技术专家和一位经验丰富的耳科医生确定了复制颞骨的最佳材料，并使用入门级打印技术为该模型创建了经济高效的打印流程。11名参加颞骨解剖课程的参与者通过问卷调查对该模型进行了评估。
3D打印颞骨模型是使用带有耐热细丝的材料挤出3D打印机打印的，减少了钻孔过程中的熔化现象。打印后，设计了一些简单的后处理步骤来复制硬脑膜、乙状窦和面神经。通过安装直接驱动装置和红宝石喷嘴对3D打印机进行改进，打印更成功，维护需求更少。经耳鼻咽喉科实习生评估，一致反馈是该模型为乳突切除术提供了良好的入门介绍，并补充了尸体颞骨的实践。
内部制作经济高效的3D打印颞骨训练模型是可行的，使培训机构能够自行制作模型。此外，这项工作证明了创建具有解剖变异的新颞骨模型以提供充足训练机会的可行性。
