Qian Wenjuan, Zhu Yuxuan, Chen Qinsheng, Wang Shuaiyao, Chen Longlong, Liu Ting, Tang Huiru, Yao Hongyan
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
SCIEX, Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Mar 29;14:1132881. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132881. eCollection 2023.
Temperature affects seed germination and seedling growth, which is a critical and complex stage in plant life cycle. However, comprehensive metabolic basis on temperature implicating seed germination and seedling growth remains less known. Here, we applied the high-throughput untargeted metabolomic and advanced shotgun lipidomic approaches to profile the Arabidopsis 182 metabolites and 149 lipids under moderate (22°C, 28°C) and extreme high (34°C, 40°C) temperatures. Our results showed that a typical feature of the metabolism related to organic acids/derivates and amines was obviously enriched at the moderate temperature, which was implicated in many cellular responses towards tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), carbohydrates and amino acids metabolism, peptide biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and indole 3-acetate (IAA) biosynthetic pathway. Whereas, under extreme high temperatures, there was no seed germination, but 148 out of total 182 metabolites were highly enriched, involving in the galactose metabolism, fatty acid degradation, tryptophan/phenylalanine metabolism, and shikimic acid-mediated pathways especially including alkaloids metabolism and glucosinolate/flavone/flavonol biosynthesis. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) also exhibited the gradually increased tendency from moderate temperatures to extreme high temperatures; whereas phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) were contrary to decrease. Another typical feature of the distinguished metabolites between 22°C and 28°C, the TCA, disaccharides, nucleotides, polypeptides, SQDG and the biosynthesis of fatty acids and glucobrassicin-mediated IAA were obviously decreased at 28°C, while amino acids, trisaccharides, PE, PC, PA, PS, MGDG, DGDG and diacylglycerol (DAG) preferred to enrich at 28°C, which characterized the alteration of metabolites and lipids during fast seedling growth. Taking together, our results provided the comprehensive metabolites phenotyping, revealed the characteristics of metabolites necessary for seed germination and/or seedling growth under different temperatures, and provided insights into the different metabolic regulation of metabolites and lipid homeostasis for seed germination and seedling growth.
温度影响种子萌发和幼苗生长，这是植物生命周期中的一个关键且复杂的阶段。然而，关于温度影响种子萌发和幼苗生长的全面代谢基础仍鲜为人知。在此，我们应用高通量非靶向代谢组学和先进的鸟枪法脂质组学方法，对拟南芥在适度温度（22°C、28°C）和极端高温（34°C、40°C）下的182种代谢物和149种脂质进行了分析。我们的结果表明，与有机酸/衍生物和胺类相关的代谢典型特征在适度温度下明显富集，这与许多针对三羧酸循环（TCA）、碳水化合物和氨基酸代谢、肽生物合成、苯丙烷生物合成和吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）生物合成途径的细胞反应有关。然而，在极端高温下，没有种子萌发，但在总共182种代谢物中有148种高度富集，涉及半乳糖代谢、脂肪酸降解、色氨酸/苯丙氨酸代谢以及莽草酸介导的途径，特别是包括生物碱代谢和芥子油苷/黄酮/黄酮醇生物合成。磷脂酰胆碱（PC）和磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）也呈现出从适度温度到极端高温逐渐增加的趋势；而磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）、磷脂酸（PA）、磷脂酰甘油（PG）、单半乳糖基二酰基甘油（MGDG）、二半乳糖基二酰基甘油（DGDG）和磺基喹喔啉基二酰基甘油（SQDG）则相反，呈下降趋势。22°C和28°C之间显著代谢物的另一个典型特征是，TCA、二糖、核苷酸、多肽、SQDG以及脂肪酸和葡糖硫苷介导的IAA生物合成在28°C时明显减少，而氨基酸、三糖、PE、PC、PA、PS、MGDG、DGDG和二酰基甘油（DAG）在28°C时更倾向于富集，这表征了快速幼苗生长过程中代谢物和脂质的变化。综上所述，我们的结果提供了全面的代谢物表型分析，揭示了不同温度下种子萌发和/或幼苗生长所需代谢物的特征，并为种子萌发和幼苗生长的代谢物不同代谢调控和脂质稳态提供了见解。
