Bertoncini Ana Luize Corrêa, Serafim Mauricio C
AdmEthics - Research Group in Ethics, Virtues, and Moral Dilemmas in Administration, Administration Graduate Program of the Administrative and Socioeconomic Sciences College, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Front Psychol. 2023 Mar 30;14:1074787. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1074787. eCollection 2023.
Artificial intelligence (AI) advancements are changing people's lives in ways never imagined before. We argue that ethics used to be put in perspective by seeing technology as an instrument during the first machine age. However, the second machine age is already a reality, and the changes brought by AI are reshaping how people interact and flourish. That said, ethics must also be analyzed as a requirement in the content. To expose this argument, we bring three critical points - autonomy, right of explanation, and value alignment - to guide the debate of why ethics must be part of the systems, not just in the principles to guide the users. In the end, our discussion leads to a reflection on the redefinition of AI's moral agency. Our distinguishing argument is that ethical questioning must be solved only after giving AI moral agency, even if not at the same human level. For future research, we suggest appreciating new ways of seeing ethics and finding a place for machines, using the inputs of the models we have been using for centuries but adapting to the new reality of the coexistence of artificial intelligence and humans.
人工智能(AI)的进步正在以前所未有的方式改变人们的生活。我们认为,在第一次机器时代,伦理道德通常被视为将技术当作一种工具来考量。然而,第二次机器时代已然成为现实,人工智能带来的变化正在重塑人们的互动方式和繁荣发展模式。话虽如此,伦理道德也必须作为内容方面的一项要求来加以分析。为阐明这一观点,我们提出三个关键点——自主性、解释权和价值一致性——来引导关于为何伦理道德必须成为系统一部分的讨论,而不仅仅是作为指导用户的原则。最后,我们的讨论引发了对人工智能道德能动性重新定义的思考。我们与众不同的观点是,只有在赋予人工智能道德能动性之后,即使达不到人类的同等水平,伦理问题才必须得到解决。对于未来的研究,我们建议利用我们几个世纪以来一直在使用的模型的输入,但要适应人工智能与人类共存的新现实,从而认识看待伦理道德的新方式,并为机器找到一席之地。