Baumgartner Doris, Schramel Johannes Peter, Kau Silvio, Unger Ewald, Oberoi Gunpreet, Peham Christian, Eberspächer-Schweda Matthias
Movement Science Group, University Equine Hospital, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Small Animals Surgery Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Mar 30;10:1165689. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1165689. eCollection 2023.
Conventional plate osteosynthesis of critical-sized bone defects in canine mandibles can fail to restore former functionality and stability due to adaption limits. Three-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific implants are becoming increasingly popular as these can be customized to avoid critical structures, achieve perfect alignment to individual bone contours, and may provide better stability. Using a 3D surface model for the mandible, four plate designs were created and evaluated for their properties to stabilize a defined 30 mm critical-size bone defect. Design-1 was manually designed, and further shape optimized using (ADF360) and finite element analysis (FE) to generate Design-2. Design-4 was created with the (GD) function from ADF360 using preplaced screw terminals and loading conditions as boundaries. A 12-hole reconstruction titanium locking plate (LP) (2.4/3.0 mm) was also tested, which was scanned, converted to a STL file and 3D printed (Design-3). Each design was 3D printed from a photopolymer resin (VPW) and a photopolymer resin in combination with a thermoplastic elastomer (VPWT) and loaded in cantilever bending using a customized servo-hydraulic mechanical testing system; = 5 repetitions each. No material defects pre- or post-failure testing were found in the printed mandibles and screws. Plate fractures were most often observed in similar locations, depending on the design. Design-4 has 2.8-3.6 times ultimate strength compared to other plates, even though only 40% more volume was used. Maximum load capacities did not differ significantly from those of the other three designs. All plate types, except D3, were 35% stronger when made of VPW, compared to VPWT. VPWT D3 plates were only 6% stronger. is faster and easier to handle than optimizing manually designed plates using FE to create customized implants with maximum load-bearing capacity and minimum material requirements. Although guidelines for selecting appropriate outcomes and subsequent refinements to the optimized design are still needed, this may represent a straightforward approach to implementing additive manufacturing in individualized surgical care. The aim of this work is to analyze different design techniques, which can later be used for the development of implants made of biocompatible materials.
由于适应性限制，犬下颌骨临界尺寸骨缺损的传统钢板接骨术可能无法恢复先前的功能和稳定性。三维（3D）打印的患者特异性植入物越来越受欢迎，因为这些植入物可以定制，以避开关键结构，与个体骨轮廓实现完美对齐，并可能提供更好的稳定性。利用下颌骨的3D表面模型，创建了四种钢板设计，并对其稳定特定30毫米临界尺寸骨缺损的性能进行了评估。设计1是手动设计的，并使用（ADF360）和有限元分析（FE）进一步优化形状以生成设计2。设计4是使用ADF360的（GD）功能，以预先放置的螺钉终端和加载条件作为边界创建的。还测试了一个12孔重建钛锁定钢板（LP）（2.4/3.0毫米），对其进行扫描，转换为STL文件并进行3D打印（设计3）。每种设计均由光聚合物树脂（VPW）以及光聚合物树脂与热塑性弹性体的组合（VPWT）进行3D打印，并使用定制的伺服液压机械测试系统进行悬臂弯曲加载；每种情况重复5次。在打印的下颌骨和螺钉中，未发现失效前或失效后的材料缺陷。根据设计不同，钢板骨折最常出现在相似位置。与其他钢板相比，设计4的极限强度高2.8至3.6倍，尽管其使用的体积仅多40%。最大负载能力与其他三种设计相比无显著差异。除了D3之外，所有钢板类型由VPW制成时都比由VPWT制成时强35%。VPWT D3钢板仅强6%。与使用FE手动设计钢板以创建具有最大承载能力和最低材料要求的定制植入物相比，（GD）更快且更易于操作。尽管仍需要选择合适结果以及对优化设计进行后续改进的指导原则，但这可能代表了在个性化手术护理中实施增材制造的一种直接方法。这项工作的目的是分析不同的设计技术，这些技术随后可用于开发由生物相容性材料制成的植入物。
