Miethe Sarah, Potaczek Daniel P, Bazan-Socha Stanislawa, Bachl Melanie, Schaefer Liliana, Wygrecka Malgorzata, Garn Holger
Translational Inflammation Research Division and Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2023 May 1;324(5):C1119-C1125. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00057.2023. Epub 2023 Apr 17.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) gain increasing attention due to their (patho-)physiological role in intercellular signaling, specifically in the communication between distant organs. Recent studies highlight a connection between the adipose tissue (AT) and the lung via (immuno-)modulatory EVs in disorders such as obesity-associated asthma and lung cancer-associated cachexia. Although lung cancer-derived EVs induce lipolysis and myotube atrophy in vivo, pathogenic effects were also reported in the opposite direction with the involvement of AT-derived EVs in cancer-promoting responses and potentially in asthma development. In contrast, the majority of studies on AT-derived EVs demonstrate their protective influence on the asthmatic lung. Beneficial effects, such as induction of anti-inflammatory pathways in vitro and in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse models, were particularly conveyed by EVs enriched from AT-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (AT-MSCs), which therefore pose an interesting subject in possible future therapeutic applications. Likewise, AT-MSC-derived EVs exerted beneficial effects in several other pulmonary abnormalities, such as different types of lung injury or pathological changes related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These contradictory findings highlight the need for extensive research to widen the understanding of the role of EVs in the development of diseases and interconnectivity between organs.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）因其在细胞间信号传导，特别是在远距离器官之间通讯中的（病理）生理作用而受到越来越多的关注。最近的研究强调了在肥胖相关哮喘和肺癌相关恶病质等疾病中，脂肪组织（AT）与肺之间通过（免疫）调节性EVs建立的联系。尽管肺癌来源的EVs在体内可诱导脂肪分解和肌管萎缩，但也有报道称存在相反方向的致病作用，即AT来源的EVs参与促进癌症反应并可能参与哮喘的发展。相比之下，大多数关于AT来源的EVs的研究表明它们对哮喘肺具有保护作用。特别是从AT来源的间充质干/基质细胞（AT-MSCs）富集的EVs，在体外和卵清蛋白（OVA）诱导的哮喘小鼠模型中具有诱导抗炎途径等有益作用，因此在未来可能的治疗应用中是一个有趣的研究对象。同样，AT-MSC来源的EVs在其他几种肺部异常情况中也发挥了有益作用，例如不同类型的肺损伤或与慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关的病理变化。这些相互矛盾的发现凸显了进行广泛研究以加深对EVs在疾病发展和器官间相互联系中作用理解的必要性。
