Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
BMJ Open. 2023 Apr 17;13(4):e070688. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070688.
To determine the potential risk factors associated with having COVID-19 among unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women.
A multicentre prospective cohort study among eligible women in Metro Manila, Philippines, from 2020 to 2022.
Five national and local hospital research sites altogether recruited and screened 500 consenting eligible individuals.
Pregnant and non-pregnant participants meeting the eligibility criteria were admitted for a reverse-transcription PCR determination of SARS-CoV-2, pregnancy testing and ultrasound, and an interview with an administered questionnaire.
Primary exposure was pregnancy; secondary exposures involve sociodemographic, lifestyle and obstetric-gynaecologic factors.
Outcome being measured was COVID-19 status.
The significant COVID-19 risk factors were: pregnancy (PR=1.184, 95% CI 1.096, 1.279), having a white-collar job (PR=1.123, 95% CI 1.02, 1.235), travelling abroad (PR=1.369, 95% CI 1.083, 1.173) and being infected by at least one vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) (PR=1.208, 95% CI 1.113, 1.310). Protective factors included having graduate-level education (PR=0.787, 95% CI 0.649, 0.954), immunisation against a VPD (PR=0.795, 95% CI 0.733, 0.862) and practising contraception (PR=0.889, 95% CI 0.824, 0.960).
This study is the first in the country to determine the risks influencing COVID-19 infection among unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women. Pregnancy is a significant risk for COVID-19 among women in Metro Manila. Educational attainment and positive health behaviours seem to confer protection. Occupations and activities that increase the frequency of interactions, as well as history of communicable diseases may predispose women to COVID-19. Further studies are needed to elucidate the development of the disease in pregnant women, including the maternal and neonatal effects of COVID-19 via potential vertical mechanisms of transmission.
确定与未接种疫苗的孕妇和非孕妇感染 COVID-19 相关的潜在危险因素。
这是一项 2020 年至 2022 年在菲律宾马尼拉大都会的合格女性中进行的多中心前瞻性队列研究。
共有五个国家和地方医院研究点招募和筛选了 500 名符合条件的参与者。
符合入选标准的孕妇和非孕妇参与者被收治，进行逆转录聚合酶链反应检测 SARS-CoV-2、妊娠试验和超声检查，并接受问卷调查。
主要暴露因素是妊娠；次要暴露因素包括社会人口统计学、生活方式和产科-妇科因素。
测量的结局是 COVID-19 状况。
显著的 COVID-19 危险因素包括：妊娠（PR=1.184，95%CI 1.096，1.279）、白领工作（PR=1.123，95%CI 1.02，1.235）、出国旅行（PR=1.369，95%CI 1.083，1.173）和感染至少一种疫苗可预防疾病（VPD）（PR=1.208，95%CI 1.113，1.310）。保护因素包括具有研究生学历（PR=0.787，95%CI 0.649，0.954）、接种 VPD 疫苗（PR=0.795，95%CI 0.733，0.862）和采取避孕措施（PR=0.889，95%CI 0.824，0.960）。
这项研究是菲律宾首次确定影响未接种疫苗的孕妇和非孕妇 COVID-19 感染风险的因素。妊娠是马尼拉女性 COVID-19 的一个重要危险因素。教育程度和健康行为似乎提供了保护。增加互动频率的职业和活动，以及传染病史可能使妇女易感染 COVID-19。需要进一步研究阐明孕妇疾病的发展，包括通过潜在的垂直传播机制对母婴和新生儿 COVID-19 的影响。
