Schraufnagel D E, Rezler A G
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 May;133(5):937-41.
The characteristics, motives, and sources of job satisfaction were compared between persons choosing a research career in academic pulmonary medicine and those choosing a career in the practice of pulmonary medicine. In a first study, established practitioners and academic researchers were asked what the main influences were on their career decisions, from what they obtained job satisfaction, and why they did or did not choose academic medicine. After these results were obtained a second questionnaire was sent to all pulmonary fellows in U.S. programs asking them their future career plans, reasons for their career choices, factors in their job satisfaction, and attitudes toward an academic career. Both current and future researchers desired intellectual challenge, continued learning, and an opportunity to investigate, whereas established and future practitioners derived more satisfaction from patient care. The opportunity to be creative, the chance to work fixed hours, and to gain national recognition were more important to future academic researchers. The prospective practitioners rated helping people, freedom from bureaucracy, and income level as the major determinants of their career choice. In addition to the personal qualities, many environmental factors, such as participating in a successful research project and encouragement from faculty, were important in leading a pulmonary fellow to select a research career.
对选择学术性肺医学研究职业的人与选择肺医学临床职业的人的工作满意度特征、动机及来源进行了比较。在第一项研究中，向资深临床医生和学术研究人员询问了影响他们职业决策的主要因素、从何处获得工作满意度以及他们选择或不选择学术医学的原因。在得到这些结果后，向美国各项目中的所有肺医学研究员发送了第二份问卷，询问他们未来的职业规划、职业选择原因、工作满意度因素以及对学术职业的态度。当前和未来的研究人员都渴望智力挑战、持续学习以及进行研究的机会，而资深和未来的临床医生从患者护理中获得了更多满足感。有创造力的机会、固定工作时间的机会以及获得全国认可对未来的学术研究人员更为重要。未来的临床医生将帮助他人、摆脱官僚作风以及收入水平列为职业选择的主要决定因素。除个人素质外，许多环境因素，如参与成功的研究项目和来自教员的鼓励，对引导肺医学研究员选择研究职业也很重要。
