Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
Nat Cancer. 2023 May;4(5):596-607. doi: 10.1038/s43018-023-00546-7. Epub 2023 Apr 17.
Macroautophagy is a cellular quality-control process that degrades proteins, protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Autophagy plays a fundamental role in cancer where, in the presence of stressors (for example, nutrient starvation, hypoxia, mechanical pressure), tumor cells activate it to degrade intracellular substrates and provide energy. Cell-autonomous autophagy in tumor cells and cell-nonautonomous autophagy in the tumor microenvironment and in the host converge on mechanisms that modulate metabolic fitness, DNA integrity and immune escape and, consequently, support tumor growth. In this Review, we will discuss insights into the tumor-modulating roles of autophagy in different contexts and reflect on how future studies using physiological culture systems may help to understand the complexity and open new therapeutic avenues.
自噬是一种细胞质量控制过程，可降解蛋白质、蛋白质聚集体和受损的细胞器。自噬在癌症中起着至关重要的作用，在应激条件下（例如，营养饥饿、缺氧、机械压力），肿瘤细胞会激活自噬来降解细胞内底物并提供能量。肿瘤细胞的细胞自主自噬和肿瘤微环境以及宿主中的细胞非自主自噬都集中在调节代谢适应性、DNA 完整性和免疫逃逸的机制上，从而支持肿瘤生长。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论自噬在不同环境中对肿瘤的调节作用的新见解，并思考未来使用生理培养系统的研究如何帮助理解其复杂性并开辟新的治疗途径。
