Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
J Sci Food Agric. 2023 Sep;103(12):5687-5696. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.12643. Epub 2023 Jun 7.
Heat stress (HS) is known to exert negative effects on the poultry and breeding industry, resulting in severe economic losses. Bile acids (BAs), an important component of bile, play a crucial role in improving the production performance of livestock and poultry, alleviating stress injury, and ensuring the health of livestock and poultry. At present, porcine BAs are widely used because of their therapeutic effects on HS; however, it remains unclear whether the same effects are exerted by sheep BAs, which are different from porcine BAs and have different compositions. In this study, we compared the anti-HS effects of porcine BAs and sheep BAs in the diet by establishing an HS model of chicks and investigating the chicken performance, HS-related genes' expression, oxidative stress markers, jejunal histoarchitecture, inflammatory cytokines' expression, jejunal secreted immunoglobulin A concentration, and cecal bacterial flora.
The results showed that the addition of sheep BAs to the diet increased the average daily weight gain and the feed conversion ratio of chicks. Under HS, sheep BAs were more effective than porcine BAs in improving the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in serum and the content/activity of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione in serum and tissue, in reducing the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of heat shock proteins (HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) in the liver and jejunum, and in improving the histological structure and the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and zonula occludens-1) and enriching intestinal bacterial flora. However, porcine BAs were significantly inferior to sheep BAs in reducing the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α).
The effect of sheep BAs was more significant than porcine BAs was in alleviating HS injury in chicks, suggesting that sheep BAs have great potential as new feed nutrition and health additive to improve poultry production performance and prevent HS. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
热应激（HS）已知对家禽和养殖行业产生负面影响，导致严重的经济损失。胆汁酸（BAs）作为胆汁的重要组成部分，在提高畜禽生产性能、缓解应激损伤和确保畜禽健康方面发挥着关键作用。目前，由于猪 BA 对 HS 具有治疗作用而被广泛应用；然而，绵羊 BA 是否具有相同的作用尚不清楚，因为绵羊 BA 与猪 BA 不同，且组成也不同。在这项研究中，我们通过建立小鸡 HS 模型，研究鸡的性能、HS 相关基因的表达、氧化应激标志物、空肠组织形态结构、炎症细胞因子的表达、空肠分泌型免疫球蛋白 A 浓度和盲肠细菌菌群，比较了日粮中猪 BA 和羊 BA 的抗 HS 效果。
结果表明，日粮中添加羊 BA 提高了小鸡的平均日增重和饲料转化率。在 HS 下，羊 BA 比猪 BA 更有效地改善血清中乳酸脱氢酶和谷草转氨酶的活性以及血清和组织中丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶和还原型谷胱甘肽的含量/活性，降低肝脏和空肠中热休克蛋白（HSP60、HSP70 和 HSP90）的信使 RNA（mRNA）表达，改善组织学结构和紧密连接蛋白（occludin 和 zonula occludens-1）的表达，并丰富肠道细菌菌群。然而，猪 BA 在降低炎症因子（白细胞介素 6、白细胞介素 1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α）的 mRNA 表达方面明显劣于羊 BA。
羊 BA 缓解小鸡 HS 损伤的效果比猪 BA 更显著，这表明羊 BA 作为新型饲料营养和健康添加剂，具有改善家禽生产性能和预防 HS 的巨大潜力。 © 2023 化学工业协会。
