Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, 75005 Paris, France.
Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, IGN, F-75005 Paris, France.
Phys Rev E. 2023 Mar;107(3-1):034132. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.107.034132.
The emergence of a power-law distribution for the energy released during an earthquake is investigated in several models. Generic features are identified which are based on the self-affine behavior of the stress field prior to an event. This field behaves at large scale as a random trajectory in one dimension of space and a random surface in two dimensions. Using concepts of statistical mechanics and results on the properties of these random objects, several predictions are obtained and verified, in particular the value of the power-law exponent of the earthquake energy distribution (the Gutenberg-Richter law) as well as a mechanism for the existence of aftershocks after a large earthquake (the Omori law).
在多个模型中研究了地震期间释放的能量的幂律分布的出现。基于事件发生前的应力场的自相似行为，确定了通用特征。该场在大尺度上表现为一维空间中的随机轨迹和二维空间中的随机表面。使用统计力学的概念和这些随机物体的性质的结果，得到了几个预测，并进行了验证，特别是地震能量分布的幂律指数（古登堡-里希特定律）的值，以及大地震后余震存在的机制（奥姆里定律）。
