探索颅面再生医学中的 microRNAs。
Exploring microRNAs in craniofacial regenerative medicine.
机构信息
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, U.S.A.
Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, U.S.A.
出版信息
Biochem Soc Trans. 2023 Apr 26;51(2):841-854. doi: 10.1042/BST20221448.
microRNAs (miRs) have been reported over the decades as important regulators in bone development and bone regeneration. They play important roles in maintaining the stem cell signature as well as regulating stem cell fate decisions. Thus, delivering miRs and miR inhibitors to the defect site is a potential treatment towards craniofacial bone defects. However, there are challenges in translation of basic research to clinics, including the efficiency, specificity, and efficacy of miR manipulation methods and the safety of miR delivery systems. In this review, we will compare miR oligonucleotides, mimics and antagomirs as therapeutic reagents to treat disease and regenerate tissues. Newer technology will be discussed as well as the efficiency and efficacy of using these technologies to express or inhibit miRs in treating and repairing oral tissues. Delivery of these molecules using extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles can achieve different results and depending on their composition will elicit specific effects. We will highlight the specificity, toxicity, stability, and effectiveness of several miR systems in regenerative medicine.
几十年来，microRNAs（miRs）被报道为骨发育和骨再生的重要调控因子。它们在维持干细胞特征以及调节干细胞命运决定方面发挥着重要作用。因此，将 miR 和 miR 抑制剂递送到缺陷部位是治疗颅面骨缺损的一种潜在方法。然而，将基础研究转化为临床应用存在一些挑战，包括 miR 操作方法的效率、特异性和功效，以及 miR 递送系统的安全性。在这篇综述中，我们将比较 miR 寡核苷酸、模拟物和反义寡核苷酸作为治疗疾病和组织再生的治疗试剂。我们将讨论新技术，以及使用这些技术在治疗和修复口腔组织中表达或抑制 miR 的效率和功效。使用细胞外囊泡和纳米颗粒递送这些分子可以达到不同的效果，并且根据它们的组成，会产生特定的效果。我们将重点介绍几种 miR 系统在再生医学中的特异性、毒性、稳定性和有效性。
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