Pfizer Vaccines, Pfizer Inc, Berlin, Germany.
Griffith University, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University Gold Coast campus, Queensland, Australia.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2024 May;50(3):315-328. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2190405. Epub 2023 Apr 19.
Although SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, is primarily a respiratory infection, a broad spectrum of cardiac, pulmonary, neurologic, and metabolic complications can occur. More than 50 long-term symptoms of COVID-19 have been described, and as many as 80% of patients may develop ≥1 long-term symptom. To summarize current perspectives of long-term sequelae of COVID-19, we conducted a PubMed search describing the long-term cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurologic effects post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and mechanistic insights and risk factors for the above-mentioned sequelae. Emerging risk factors of long-term sequelae include older age (≥65 years), female sex, Black or Asian race, Hispanic ethnicity, and presence of comorbidities. There is an urgent need to better understand ongoing effects of COVID-19. Prospective studies evaluating long-term effects of COVID-19 in all body systems and patient groups will facilitate appropriate management and assess burden of care. Clinicians should ensure patients are followed up and managed appropriately, especially those in at-risk groups. Healthcare systems worldwide need to develop approaches to follow-up and support patients recovering from COVID-19. Surveillance programs can enhance prevention and treatment efforts for those most vulnerable.
虽然导致 COVID-19 的 SARS-CoV-2 主要是一种呼吸道感染，但会出现广泛的心脏、肺部、神经和代谢并发症。已经描述了 COVID-19 的 50 多种长期症状，多达 80%的患者可能会出现≥1 种长期症状。为了总结 COVID-19 长期后遗症的当前观点，我们进行了一项 PubMed 搜索，描述了 SARS-CoV-2 感染后长期的心血管、肺部、胃肠道和神经系统影响，以及上述后遗症的机制见解和危险因素。长期后遗症的新兴危险因素包括年龄较大（≥65 岁）、女性、黑人和亚裔、西班牙裔，以及存在合并症。迫切需要更好地了解 COVID-19 的持续影响。评估所有身体系统和患者群体 COVID-19 长期影响的前瞻性研究将有助于适当管理和评估护理负担。临床医生应确保对高危人群的患者进行随访和适当管理。全球医疗保健系统需要制定方法来随访和支持从 COVID-19 中康复的患者。监测计划可以增强对最脆弱人群的预防和治疗工作。
